Propagation and distribution of shear and tensile hydraulic fractures affected by frictional coal beddings.

As a typical sedimentary rock, coal seams are usually rich in bedding planes, which significantly affect the propagation process of hydraulic fracture (HF) network and reservoir permeability. In this study, the profile characteristics and the bedding roughness of the coal seam at depth of 2800 m from Daniudi Gas Field in China is investigated. The failure mechanism of shear-expansion effect under low pressure and dynamic shear under high pressure of coal beddings induced by the dissolution-corrosion effect of fracturing liquid is analyzed.

Comediating Adsorption and Electron Transfer via Dual-Active Site Catalyst Construction for Improving the Treatment of Extraction Wastewater.

Solvent extraction is widely applied, while extraction wastewater treatment remains a huge challenge because of the stability of extractants. Heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis is a promising method, but the short half-life of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) generated by hydrogen peroxide (HO) activation results in unsatisfactory ⋅OH utilization and organics removal. Herein, an efficient strategy for treating extraction wastewater based on comediating adsorption and electron transfer by fluorine and nitrogen co-doped carbon (FNC) catalyst with dual-active site was developed.

Regeneration of LiFePO from Spent Materials: Control and Influence of Al Impurity.

Owing to the rapid increase of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) batteries, recycling and regeneration of LiFePO enjoys significances for sustainable development and environmental protection. In this study, an effective regeneration method for spent LiFePO materials and the influence of Al impurity on the electrochemical performance of regenerated LiFePO were studied. Firstly, 99.

Introduced Iron-Based Catalysts for Low-Temperature Upcycling Regeneration of Spent Graphite towards Ultra-Fast Lithium Storage Properties.

Spent graphite, as the main component of retired batteries, have attracted plenty of attentions. Although a series of recycling strategies are proposed, they still suffer from high cost of regeneration and large CO emission, mainly ascribed to the full-recovery of surface and internal phase at ultra-high temperature. However, the existing of suitable internal defects is conductive to their energy-storage abilities.

Designing functional LiCuO-coated separators from Cu foil towards spent LiFePO cathode regeneration.

A chemical-physical investigation proved that the loss of active Li represents the main mechanism of capacity-fading in spent LiFePO. Given this, functional LiCuO-coated separators were fabricated from spent Cu foil and found to contribute to the regeneration of spent LiFePO in a full-cell system. This study presents a novel method for cathode/Cu foil recovery.

Greater use of antihypertensive medications explains lower blood pressures and better control in statin-treated than statin-eligible untreated adults.

Objective: Statins appear to have greater antihypertensive effects in observational studies than in randomized controlled trials. This study assessed whether more frequent treatment of hypertension contributed to better blood pressure (BP, mmHg) control in statin-treated than statin-eligible untreated adults in observational studies.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009-2020 data were analyzed for adults 21-75 years ( N  = 3814) with hypertension (BP ≥140/≥90 or treatment).

First-Principles Study of the Effect of Ni-Doped on the Spinel-Type Mn-Based Cathode Discharge.

Spinel-type manganese oxide is considered as a typical cobalt-free high-voltage cathode material for lithium-ion battery applications because of its low cost, non-toxicity, and easy preparation. Nevertheless, severe capacity fading during charge and discharge limits its commercialization. Therefore, understanding the electrochemical properties and its modification mechanism of spinel-type manganese oxide for a lithium-ion battery is of great research interest.

Hypertension Control in the United States 2009 to 2018: Factors Underlying Falling Control Rates During 2015 to 2018 Across Age- and Race-Ethnicity Groups.

[Figure: see text].

Informal versus formal judgment of statistical models: The case of normality assumptions.

Researchers sometimes use informal judgment for statistical model diagnostics and assumption checking. Informal judgment might seem more desirable than formal judgment because of a paradox: Formal hypothesis tests of assumptions appear to become less useful as sample size increases. We suggest that this paradox can be resolved by evaluating both formal and informal statistical judgment via a simplified signal detection framework.

Sociodemographic Determinants of Life's Simple 7: Implications for Achieving Cardiovascular Health and Health Equity Goals.

Background: Life's Simple 7 (LS7; nutrition, physical activity, cigarette use, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose) predicts cardiovascular health. The principal objective of our study was to define demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with LS7 to better inform programs addressing cardiovascular health and health equity.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2016 data were analyzed on non-Hispanic White [NHW], NH Black [NHB], and Hispanic adults aged ≥20 years without cardiovascular disease.

Differences in primary cardiovascular disease prevention between the 2013 and 2016 cholesterol guidelines and impact of the 2017 hypertension guideline in the United States.

The US Preventive Services Task Force cholesterol guideline recommended statins for fewer adults than the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline by setting a higher 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease threshold (≥10.0% vs ≥7.5%) and requiring concomitant diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or cigarette smoking.

Cholesterol Control Among Uninsured Adults Did Not Improve From 2001-2004 to 2009-2012 as Disparities With Both Publicly and Privately Insured Adults Doubled.

Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control is higher among insured than uninsured adults, but data on time trends and contributing factors are incomplete and important for improving health equity.

Methods And Results: Awareness, treatment, and control of elevated LDL-C were compared among insured versus uninsured and publicly versus privately insured adults, aged 21 to 64 years, in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2001 to 2004, 2005 to 2008, and 2009 to 2012 using Adult Treatment Panel-3 criteria. Compared with insured adults, uninsured adults were younger; were more often minority; reported lower incomes, less education, and fewer healthcare encounters; and had lower awareness and treatment of elevated LDL-C (<0.

Asymptotic confidence intervals for the Pearson correlation via skewness and kurtosis.

When bivariate normality is violated, the default confidence interval of the Pearson correlation can be inaccurate. Two new methods were developed based on the asymptotic sampling distribution of Fisher's z' under the general case where bivariate normality need not be assumed. In Monte Carlo simulations, the most successful of these methods relied on the (Vale & Maurelli, 1983, Psychometrika, 48, 465) family to approximate a distribution via the marginal skewness and kurtosis of the sample data.

Trends in Prehypertension and Hypertension Risk Factors in US Adults: 1999-2012.

Prehypertension is associated with increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Data are limited on the temporal changes in the prevalence of prehypertension and risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular disease among US adults with prehypertension. We analyzed data from 30 958 US adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1999 and 2012.

Opportunities for improving cardiovascular health outcomes in adults younger than 65 years with guideline-recommended statin therapy.

The impact of age, race/ethnicity, healthcare insurance, and selected clinical variables on statin-preventable ASCVD were quantified in adults aged 21 to 79 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2012 using the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline on the treatment of cholesterol. Among ≈42.4 million statin-eligible, untreated adults, 52.

2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guideline and Implications for Healthy People 2020 Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Goals.

Background: Healthy People 2020 aim to reduce fatal atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by 20%, which translates into 310 000 fewer events annually assuming proportional reduction in fatal and nonfatal ASCVD. We estimated preventable ASCVD events by implementing the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 Cholesterol Guideline in all statin-eligible adults. Absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed-to-treat (NNT) were calculated.

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) and Target Systolic Blood Pressure in Future Hypertension Guidelines.

The Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP, mm Hg) Intervention Trial (SPRINT) showed that targeting SBP <120 mm Hg (intensive treatment, mean SBP: 121.5 mm Hg) versus <140 (standard treatment, mean SBP: 134.6 mm Hg) reduced cardiovascular events 25%.

Impact of Implementing the 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines on Vascular Events in a Statewide Community-Based Practice Registry.

Electronic health record data were analyzed to estimate the number of statin-eligible adults with the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines not taking statin therapy and the impact of recommended statin therapy on 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD10 ) events. Adults aged 21 to 80 years in an outpatient network with ≥1 clinic visit(s) from January 2011 to June 2014 with data to calculate ASCVD10 were eligible. Moderate-intensity statin therapy was assumed to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 30% and high-intensity therapy was assumed to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 50%.

Hypertension in african americans aged 60 to 79 years: statement from the international society of hypertension in blacks.

A 2014 hypertension guideline raised goal systolic blood pressure (SBP) from <140 mm Hg to <150 mm Hg for adults 60 years and older without diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors aimed to define the status of hypertension in black adults 60 to 79 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2012 and provide practical guidance. Black patients were more often aware and treated (P≤.

Hypertension in the United States, 1999 to 2012: progress toward Healthy People 2020 goals.

Background: To reduce the cardiovascular disease burden, Healthy People 2020 established US hypertension goals for adults to (1) decrease the prevalence to 26.9% and (2) raise treatment to 69.5% and control to 61.

The growing gap in hypertension control between insured and uninsured adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 2010.

Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are lower among uninsured than insured adults. Time trends in differences and underlying modifiable factors are important for informing strategies to improve health equity. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1988 to 1994, 1999 to 2004, and 2005 to 2010 data in adults aged 18 to 64 years were analyzed to explore this opportunity.

Role of aldosterone blockade in resistant hypertension.

Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH), defined as uncontrolled blood pressure using 3 or more antihypertensive medications or controlled using 4 or more antihypertensive medications, affects approximately 30% of uncontrolled and 12% of controlled blood pressure (BP) patients. aTRH is used when pseudoresistance cannot be excluded (eg, BP measurement artifacts, mainly office resistance, suboptimal adherence, suboptimal treatment regimens, and true TRH). True TRH comprises approximately 30% to 50% of TRH.

Diabetes and age-related demographic differences in risk factor control.

Disparate vascular outcomes in diabetes by race and/or ethnicity may reflect differential risk factor control, especially pre-Medicare. Assess concurrent target attainment for glycohemoglobin <7%, non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol <130 mg/dL, and blood pressure <140/<90 mm Hg in white, black, and Hispanic diabetics <65 years and ≥65 years of age. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2010 data were analyzed on diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetics ≥18 years old.

Closing the gap in hypertension control between younger and older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988 to 2010.

Background: Joint National Committee goal blood pressure for all adults was <140/<90 mm Hg or lower from 1984 to 2013. Adults aged ≥60 years (older) have mainly isolated systolic hypertension, with major trials attaining systolic blood pressure <150 but not <140 mm Hg. The main objective was to assess changes in hypertension control to <140/<90 mm Hg in younger (aged <60 years) and older adults and <150/<90 mm Hg in the latter.