Effect of Microwave Treatment on Adzuki Beans ( L.) under Dry State-Analyzing Microstructure, Water Absorption, and Antioxidant Properties.

In this study, a microwave was used on adzuki beans (Arari and Geomguseul) without water, in order to investigate their changes in microstructure, water absorption, and antioxidative properties. As the microwave treatment time increased (2450 MHz, 0 to 60 s), the lightness, redness, and yellowness were reduced, and moisture content significantly decreased in both varieties. The microstructure space between the seed coat, cotyledon, and pores within the cotyledon were observed, due to the loss of moisture.

Allele Types and Their Associations with Major Agronomic Traits in Korean Rice Cultivars.

Optimizing flowering time in crop plants is critical for maximizing yield and quality under target environments. While there is a wide range of heading date variation in Korean rice cultivars, the underlying gene mechanisms are unclear. Here, we sequenced the protein coding regions of , the major rice heading date gene, from 293 Korean rice cultivars and investigated the associations between allele types and major agronomic traits under four different environments.

Loss-of-Function Alleles of () Are Associated With Adaptation of Temperate Rice Plants to the Tropical Region.

Adaptation of temperate rice varieties to tropical regions is impeded by extremely early flowering probably due to photoperiod change from long to short. However, constant breeding efforts led to development of temperate varieties adapted to tropical/subtropical regions, but the genetic factor underlying this is still elusive. We analyzed the 45 diverse rice accessions and 12 tropical-adapted temperate lines for the allele types of seven major flowering genes , and and flowering time under three different field conditions in temperate and tropical locations.

Morphological and starch characteristics of the rice mutant variety Seolgaeng for dry-milled flour.

Producing good-quality, fine rice flour is more difficult than wheat flour because the rice grain is harder. The non-glutinous -type variety Seolgaeng, derived from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) mutagenesis, and four other varieties, representing a range of amylose contents, were evaluated in this study. Dry-milled Seolgaeng rice flour exhibited an average particle size that is <70 μm, a more uniform particle-size proportion than other varieties.

Production of Biodiesel from Acid Oil via a Two-Step Enzymatic Transesterification.

A two-step enzymatic transesterification process in a solvent-free system has been developed as a novel approach to the production of biodiesel using acid oil from rice bran oil soapstock. The acid oil consisted of 53.7 wt% fatty acids, 2.

Visual Diagnosis: A 7-Month-Old Girl With Cyanotic Spells.

Infants can develop acquired methemoglobinemia due to intake of well water high in nitrate concentrations. Although methemoglobinemia usually presents with more severe symptoms, this diagnosis should be considered in an infant with intermittent cyanosis in the absence of underlying heart or lung disease. Well water should be avoided in infancy unless properly tested.

Changes in lipid substances in rice during grain development.

Lipid substances, such as fatty acids, γ-oryzanol, policosanols, and tocol (tocopherol+tocotrienol), were investigated in two rice cultivars, Ilpum and Dasan, during rice development. In both cultivars, the lipid extract level decreased steadily after it reached its maximum level. Additionally, there were differences in the fatty acid composition, depending on the rice developmental stage, between the two cultivars.

A review of the guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of congenital syphilis.

Congenital syphilis (CS) is a disease that continues to persist in the United States despite its preventable nature. Mother-to-child transmission of CS can be avoided with appropriate maternal diagnosis and treatment during the pregnancy. Diagnosing CS and determining the therapeutic course can be challenging.

The chalcone derivative Chana 1 protects against amyloid β peptide-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease to cause dementia in the elderly. Amyloid β (Aβ)-peptide induced oxidative stress causes the initiation and progression of AD. Recently, new chalcone derivatives termed the Chana series were synthesized.

EGCG suppresses prostate cancer cell growth modulating acetylation of androgen receptor by anti-histone acetyltransferase activity.

Manipulating acetylation status of key gene targets is likely to be crucial for effective cancer therapy. In this study, we utilized green tea catechins, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to examine the regulation of androgen receptor acetylation in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells by histone acetyl-transferase (HAT) activity. EC, EGC and EGCG induced prostate cancer cell death, suppressed agonist-dependent androgen receptor (AR) activation and AR-regulated gene transcription.

Protective effects of a chalcone derivative against Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage.

Amyloid Β-peptide (AΒ-peptide)-induced oxidative stress is thought to be a critical component of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). New chalcone derivatives, the Chana series, were recently synthesized from the retrochalcones of licorice. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the Chana series against neurodegenerative changes in vitro and in vivo.

Dietary genistein negates the inhibitory effect of letrozole on the growth of aromatase-expressing estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7Ca) in vivo.

Genistein (GEN), a soy isoflavone, stimulates growth of estrogen-dependent human tumor cells (MCF-7) in a preclinical mouse model for postmenopausal breast cancer. Antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors are frontline therapies for estrogen-dependent breast cancer. We have demonstrated that dietary GEN can negate the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen.