Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury: an update.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important adverse drug reaction that can lead to acute liver failure or even death in severe cases. Currently, the diagnosis of DILI still follows the strategy of exclusion. Therefore, a detailed history taking and a thorough and careful exclusion of other potential causes of liver injury is the key to correct diagnosis.

Single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal non-parenchymal cell heterogeneity and immune network of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.

The role of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) in the early phase of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) remains unclear. Therefore, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to explore the heterogeneity and immune network of NPCs in the livers of mice with AILI. Mice were challenged with saline, 300 mg/kg APAP, or 750 mg/kg APAP (n = 3 for each group).

Egr1 confers protection against acetaminophen‑induced hepatotoxicity via transcriptional upregulating of Acaa2.

: Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) is a common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The mechanism underlying protection in AILI or DILI remains to be elucidated, and the role of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in AILI and potential mechanisms remain to be known. : The role of Egr1 was studied both and .

Efficacy and safety of bicyclol for treating patients with idiosyncratic acute drug-induced liver injury: A multicenter, randomized, phase II trial.

Background And Aims: Evidence for using bicyclol in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is limited. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of bicyclol in acute DILI.

Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, active-controlled, superiority and phase II trial.

Incidence and risk factors of drug-induced liver injury.

The epidemiology and aetiology of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) vary across different countries and populations. Overall, DILI is rare in the general population but has become more prevalent in hospitalized patients, especially among patients with unexplained liver conditions. In addition, drugs implicated in DILI differ between Western and Eastern countries.

Exploring the efficacy and safety of polyene phosphatidylcholine for treatment of drug-induced liver injury using the Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method: a propensity score matching comparison.

In China, polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) is widely used to treat alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation associated with various liver diseases. Here, we assessed the efficacy and safety of PPC in treating drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Data from a multicenter retrospective cohort study (DILI-R) were analyzed to compare PPC and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) for treatment of DILI.

Bicyclol for the treatment of drug-induced liver injury: a propensity score matching analysis using a nationwide inpatient database.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bicyclol in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) using a nationwide database.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of DILI patients in the DILI-R database. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the bicyclol and control groups, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) recovery was compared between the two groups.

Tolvaptan therapy of Chinese cirrhotic patients with ascites after insufficient diuretic routine medication responses: a phase III clinical trial.

Background: To determine the safety and efficacy of different doses of tolvaptan for treating Chinese cirrhotic patients with or without hyponatraemia who still had ascites after routine therapy with diuretics.

Methods: In the present placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, multicentre clinical trial, patients with cirrhotic ascites who failed to adequately respond to a combination of an aldosterone antagonist plus an orally administered loop diuretic were randomly placed at a 4:2:1 ratio into 3 groups [the 15 mg/day tolvaptan group (N = 301), 7.5 mg/day tolvaptan group (N = 153) and placebo group (N = 76)] for 7 days of treatment.

Efficacy and safety of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection in patients with acute drug-induced liver injury: A phase II trial.

Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. Apart from stopping the offending drug, no regimens are available for treating idiosyncratic DILI in clinical practice.

Methods: We carried out a randomized, double-blind, multidoses, active drug controlled, multicentre phase II trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the study drug, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), as compared to tiopronin, a standard therapy for DILI in China.

Correction to: Case report of cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE): a rare isease may contribute to endoscopy-capsule retention in the small intestine.

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported the wrong version of Table 1 has been published. The word of 'Capsule' was mistakenly written as 'Capusle'.

Case report of cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE): a rare disease may contribute to endoscopy-capsule retention in the small intestine.

Background: CMUSE is a rare disease whose diagnosis remains difficult because the lesion is confined to the small bowel.

Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of 43-year-old female patient suffered chronic abdominal pain for 20 years, and finally diagnosed with CMUSE. Capsule endoscopy was performed when general endoscopic investigation failed to find the lesion, but the capsule was stranded in the small intestine.

DEAD-box helicase 27 promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis and predicts poor survival in CRC patients.

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are crucial for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this study, DEAD box polypeptide 27 (DDX27) was identified to be highly amplified in both TCGA CRC (474/615) and primary CRC (47/103), which was positively correlated with its mRNA overexpression. High DDX27 mRNA (N = 199) and protein expression (N = 260) predicted poor survival in CRC patients.

Assessing the potential value of long interspersed element-1 hypomethylation in colorectal cancer: evidence from retrospective studies.

Background And Aims: Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation may play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies were identified that investigated LINE-1 methylation levels in CRC compared with normal controls.

Methods: The random-effects model was used to estimate standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals according to the heterogeneity between the studies.

Long noncoding RNA GAPLINC regulates CD44-dependent cell invasiveness and associates with poor prognosis of gastric cancer.

It is increasingly evident that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have causative roles in carcinogenesis. In this study, we report findings implicating a novel lncRNA in gastric cancer, termed GAPLINC (gastric adenocarcinoma predictive long intergenic noncoding RNA), based on the use of global microarray and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNA in human gastric cancer specimens. GAPLINC is a 924-bp-long lncRNA that is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues.

Folic acid prevents the initial occurrence of sporadic colorectal adenoma in Chinese older than 50 years of age: a randomized clinical trial.

Colorectal adenoma (CRA) is the precursor lesion of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several agents have been shown to be effective in the chemoprevention of CRA recurrence, but there has been little research on its primary prevention. Participants older than 50 years with no adenomas were recruited for our study and randomized to receive either 1 mg/day folic acid supplement or treatment without folic acid.

Constitutive activation of STAT3 is predictive of poor prognosis in human gastric cancer.

Abnormalities in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling, especially STAT3 and STAT5, are involved in the oncogenesis of several human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the downstream targets of STAT3 and STAT5 are not fully identified, and the precise roles and the prognostic value of STAT3 and STAT5 in GC have not been fully characterized. In this study, we used ChIP-on-chip to identify STAT3 and STAT5 target genes on a whole genome scale in AGS cells, a human GC cell line.

TRAPPC4-ERK2 interaction activates ERK1/2, modulates its nuclear localization and regulates proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells.

The trafficking protein particle complex 4 (TRAPPC4) is implicated in vesicle-mediated transport, but its association with disease has rarely been reported. We explored its potential interaction with ERK2, part of the ERK1/2 complex in the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase/ Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (ERK-MAPK) pathway, by a yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down. Further investigation found that when TRAPPC4 was depleted, activated ERK1/2 specifically decreased in the nucleus, which was accompanied with cell growth suppression and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.

MicroRNA 345, a methylation-sensitive microRNA is involved in cell proliferation and invasion in human colorectal cancer.

Aberrant methylation has been shown to trigger the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes during tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found deregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and some of them may function as tumor suppressor genes. Here, we investigated CpG island promoter hypermethylation as a potential mechanism underlying miRNA disruption and identifed methylation-sensitive miRNAs that might repress CRC development.

Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses JAK2/STAT3 signaling via inducing the promoter-associated histone acetylation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in human colorectal cancer cells.

Aberrant janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling is involved in the oncogenesis of several cancers. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) proteins, which are negative regulators of JAK/STAT signaling, have been reported to have tumor suppressor functions. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, the mechanisms that regulate SOCS and SHP1 genes, and the cause of abnormalities in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, remain largely unknown.

MicroRNA regulatory network in human colorectal cancer.

Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs containing microRNAs (miRNA). miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that are 21 to 25 nt in length; they downregulate gene expression during cell development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. They play a critical role in human carcinogenesis.

[Recent progress on miRNAs in the pathogenesis of colon cancer].

microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small noncoding RNA molecules discovered in animals, plants and viruses. They play a critical role in developmental and physiological processes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers. Presently, human cancer, including colorectal cancer, is recognized as both a genetic and epigenetic disease.

T cell immune response is correlated with fibrosis and inflammatory activity in hepatitis B cirrhotics.

Aim: To explore the relationship among interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) activity, fibrogenesis, T cell immune responses and hepatic inflammatory activity.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples from a total of 43 hepatitis B cirrhotic patients (LC) and 19 healthy controls (NC) were collected to measure their serum levels of IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and three serological markers of fibrosis including hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type III peptide (PIIIP), and type IV collagen were measured using a double antibody sandwich ELISA. Also, serum total bilirubin (TB) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured by routine measures.