Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles Containing H8 Improve Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Exert Ameliorative Effects in Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: Nanovesicles (NVs) derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as drug delivery systems are considered an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetes. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and molecular mechanism of BMSC-derived NVs carrying the curcumin analog H8 (H8-BMSCs-NVs) on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Targeting delivery of a novel TGF-β type I receptor-mimicking peptide to activated hepatic stellate cells for liver fibrosis therapy via inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Excessive transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) secreted by activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) aggravates liver fibrosis via over-activation of TGF-β1-mediated signaling pathways in a TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) dependent manner. TβRI with the C-terminal valine truncated (RIPΔ), as a novel TβRI-mimicking peptide, is an appealing anti-fibrotic candidate by competitive binding of TGF-β1 to block TGF-β1 signal transduction. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFβR) is highly expressed on the surface of aHSCs in liver fibrosis.

Advancing Tissue Damage Repair in Geriatric Diseases: Prospects of Combining Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with Hydrogels.

Geriatric diseases are a group of diseases with unique characteristics related to senility. With the rising trend of global aging, senile diseases now mainly include endocrine, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, skeletal, and muscular diseases and cancer. Compared with younger populations, the structure and function of various cells, tissues and organs in the body of the elderly undergo a decline as they age, rendering them more susceptible to external factors and diseases, leading to serious tissue damage.

Ferroptosis: an important player in the inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of diabetic patients worldwide. The key to treating of DN is early diagnosis and prevention. Once the patient enters the clinical proteinuria stage, renal damage is difficult to reverse.

RIPK1 and RIPK3 inhibitors: potential weapons against inflammation to treat diabetic complications.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to a variety of etiological factors. Long-term metabolic stress induces harmful inflammation leading to chronic complications, mainly diabetic ophthalmopathy, diabetic cardiovascular complications and diabetic nephropathy. With diabetes complications being one of the leading causes of disability and death, the use of anti-inflammatories in combination therapy for diabetes is increasing.

Circular RNAs: An emerging precise weapon for diabetic nephropathy diagnosis and therapy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Current treatment strategies for DN primarily focus on symptom alleviation, lacking effective approaches to halt or reverse DN progression. Circular RNA (circRNA), characterized by a closed-loop structure, has emerged as a novel non-coding RNA regulator of gene expression, attributed to its conservation, stability, specificity, and multifunctionality.

Research progress on multiple cell death pathways of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and its clinical manifestations are progressive proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and renal failure. The injury and death of glomerular podocytes are the keys to DKD. Currently, a variety of cell death modes have been identified in podocytes, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, etc.

Ferroptosis: new insight into the mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are the most serious and common diabetes-associated complications. DN and DR are all highly prevalent and dangerous global diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Ferroptosis, a relatively recently described type of cell death, has been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence and development of various diabetic complications.

Selenide-linked polydopamine-reinforced hybrid hydrogels with on-demand degradation and light-triggered nanozyme release for diabetic wound healing.

Background: Multifunctional hydrogels with controllable degradation and drug release have attracted extensive attention in diabetic wound healing. This study focused on the acceleration of diabetic wound healing with selenide-linked polydopamine-reinforced hybrid hydrogels with on-demand degradation and light-triggered nanozyme release.

Methods: Herein, selenium-containing hybrid hydrogels, defined as DSeP@PB, were fabricated via the reinforcement of selenol-end capping polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels by polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANPs) and Prussian blue nanozymes in a one-pot approach in the absence of any other chemical additive or organic solvent based on diselenide and selenide bonding-guided crosslinking, making them accessible for large-scale mass production.

Ferroptosis, necroptosis and cuproptosis: Novel forms of regulated cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its incidence continues to increase year after year. Diabetic patients mainly die from various complications, with the most common being diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the detection rate of diabetic cardiomyopathy is low in clinical practice, and targeted treatment is lacking.

Application of Cell Membrane-Coated Nanomaterials for Tumor Treatment.

Tumors are a major cause of human mortality worldwide, and the rapid development of nanomaterials (NMs) for tumor therapy and drug delivery has provided new treatment methods. However, NMs' high immunogenicity, short circulation time, and low specificity limit their application in tumor therapy. In recent years, bionanomaterials using cell membranes have emerged to overcome the shortcomings of monomeric NMs.

Temperature-Dependent Affinity Changes in Substrate Binding Affect the Cleavage Activity of BthC2c1.

Background: The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune mechanism for bacteria and archaea to resist foreign invasion. Currently, Cas9 and Cpf1 have been widely studied and applied in gene editing. C2c1 is a newly discovered CRISPR-Cas system endonuclease.

A Cyclopentanone Compound Attenuates the Over-Accumulation of Extracellular Matrix and Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy via Downregulating the TGF-β/p38MAPK Axis.

Excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial pathological process in chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, etc. The underlying mechanisms of how to decrease ECM deposition to improve diabetic nephropathy remain elusive. The present study investigated whether cyclopentanone compound H8 alleviated ECM over-deposition and fibrosis to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy.

A Comprehensive Review of the Application of Nanoparticles in Diabetic Wound Healing: Therapeutic Potential and Future Perspectives.

Diabetic wounds are one of the most challenging public health issues of the 21st century due to their inadequate vascular supply, bacterial infections, high levels of oxidative stress, and abnormalities in antioxidant defenses, whereas there is no effective treatment for diabetic wounds. Due to the distinct properties of nanoparticles, such as their small particle size, elevated cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The application of nanoparticles has been widely used in the treatment of diabetic wound healing due to their superior anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities.

Curcumin and Its Analogs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Challenges and Expectations.

Researchers have made crucial advances in understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), improving our understanding of lung tumor biology and progression. Although the survival of NSCLC patients has improved due to chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, overall NSCLC recovery and survival rates remain low. Thus, there is an urgent need for the continued development of novel NSCLC drugs or combination therapies with less toxicity.

A Novel Mutation in Mutation Associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts and Microcornea.

Purpose: Crystallin protein mutations are associated with congenital cataract (CC), and several disease-causing mutations in the gene have been identified. We present the location of a new mutation in in members of a Chinese family who presented with CCs with or without microcornea.

Design: Observational study.

Endothelial derived miRNA-9 mediated cardiac fibrosis in diabetes and its regulation by ZFAS1.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia induces increased expression/deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including fibronectin (FN) and collagen (Col) and plays an important role in fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The roles of RNAs including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have begun to be understood in many conditions.

Recombinant truncated latency-associated peptide alleviates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via inhibition of TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Background: Liver fibrosis is a progressive liver injury response. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is oversecreted during liver fibrosis and promotes the development of liver fibrosis. Therapeutic approaches targeting TGF-β1 and its downstream pathways are essential to inhibit liver fibrosis.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans-mediated targeted delivery of TGF-β1-binding peptide to liver for improved anti-liver fibrotic activity in vitro and in vivo.

Elevated expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, thus attenuating the excessive TGF-β1's activity by TGF-β1-binding peptide is an ideal strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. However, the application of small peptide as a pharmaceutical agent is obstacle due to difficult preparation and non-selective delivery. The I-plus sequences of circumsporozoite protein (CSP-I) possesses high affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are primarily located on liver tissues.

Dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for erector spinae plane block after posterior lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Due to lumbar spinal surgery is frequently accompanied with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, it is necessary to find an effective postoperative analgesia for patients with this surgery. This study aimed to observe the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine erector spinae plane block (ESPB) used in posterior lumbar spine surgery.

Methods: In this clinical trial, patients undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control.

Coadministration of Curcumin and Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Alleviates Postoperative Pain in Rats.

This study aimed to explore the effect of curcumin and hydromorphone hydrochloride (HH) cotreatment on postoperative pain in rats. An incision + formaldehyde-induced pain rat model was established. Rats were treated with vehicle, curcumin, HH, or curcumin + HH.

Identification of robust diagnostic and prognostic gene signatures in different grades of gliomas: a retrospective study.

Background: Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. The complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor makes it difficult to obtain good biomarkers for drug development. In this study, through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), we analyze the common diagnostic and prognostic moleculer markers in Caucasian and Asian populations, which can be used as drug targets in the future.

The Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR Is a Critical Epigenetic Mediator of Angiogenesis in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a pressing issue worldwide. Abnormal angiogenesis is a distinct vascular lesion in DR, and research has established that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a primary mediator of such changes. However, limitations in current anti-VEGF therapies suggest that our understanding of molecular networks underlying ocular angiogenesis remains far from complete.

FGF1 inhibits H₂O₂-induced mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in H9c2 cells.

The goal of this research was to reveal the protective effect and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1) on oxidative stress injury of H9c2 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The effects of various concentrations of H₂O₂ and FGF1 on the activity of H9c2 cells were analyzed by Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA). The content of ROS, calcium ion, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were detected by fluorescence probe, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 were detected by real-time PCR to evaluate whether FGF1 has ability to resist the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes caused by oxidative damage.

Comparison of the airway complications of subtypes of laryngeal mask airway and i-gel in child patients under general anaesthesia: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised control trials.

Introduction: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA), an alternative to traditional tracheal intubation, is widely used in clinical practice and is considered to be an effective device for airway management. LMA and i-gel have been widely used in anaesthesia and emergency situations in children. Some systematic reviews have evaluated the efficacy of LMA and i-gel in children, but they have not shown consistent results in clinical performance.