biomass and toxin accumulation in wheat tissues with and without Fusarium crown rot symptoms.

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important and devastating disease of wheat () caused by the fungus and related pathogens. Using two distinct susceptible cultivars, we investigated the isolation frequencies of and quantified its biomass accumulation and the levels of the associated toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON-3-glucoside (D3G) in inoculated field-grown wheat plants. We detected in stem, peduncle, rachis, and husk tissues, but not in grains, whereas DON and D3G accumulated in stem, rachis, husk, and grain tissues.

Key infection stages defending heat stress in high-temperature-resistant f. sp. isolates.

With the increase of temperature in the winter wheat-growing regions in China, the high-temperature-resistant f. sp. () isolates developed in the fields.

PM2b, a CC-NBS-LRR protein, interacts with TaWRKY76-D to regulate powdery mildew resistance in common wheat.

Powdery mildew caused by f. sp. () is a destructive disease of wheat throughout the world.

Characterization of a new splicing variant of powdery mildew resistance gene in synthetic hexaploid wheat YAV249.

Powdery mildew, caused by f. sp. (), is a destructive fungal disease of wheat throughout the world.

Involvement of NO and Ca in the enhancement of cold tolerance induced by melatonin in winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.).

As a multifunctional phytohormone, melatonin (Mel) plays pivotal roles in plant responses to multiple stresses. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we evaluated the role of NO and Ca signaling in Mel enhanced cold tolerance in winter turnip rape.

The Quantitative Analyses for the Effects of Two Wheat Varieties With Different Resistance Levels on the Fungicide Control Efficacies to Powdery Mildew.

Effective strategies to reduce the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew include the use of resistant varieties and application of fungicides. However, most studies rarely focus on the quantitative value of fungicide reduction using resistant varieties. To explore how the fungicides performed on different resistant wheat varieties to powdery mildew, field experiments were conducted during wheat growing seasons in 2018/19 and 2019/20 to investigate the control efficacies of enostroburin⋅epoxiconazole 18% SC and triadimefon 20% EC to wheat powdery mildew on a highly resistant wheat variety ("Baofeng104") and a highly susceptible wheat variety ("Jingshuang16").

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of a New Wheat-Rye 6R Addition Line and Physical Localization of Its Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene.

Rye ( L.), a naturally cross-pollinating relative of wheat, is a tertiary gene donor and of substantial value in wheat improvement. Wheat powdery mildew is caused by f.

Mapping Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene on Chromosome 7B of Chinese Wheat ( L.) Landrace Youbailan.

Chinese wheat landrace Youbailan has excellent resistance to powdery mildew caused by f. sp. .

Correction Strategy of Mortars with Trajectory Correction Fuze Based on Image Sensor.

For a higher accuracy of projectiles, a novel trajectory correction fuze is proposed. In this design, the sensor and actuator were reduced to achieve a balance between performance and affordability. Following introduction of the fuze concept, the flight model was presented and the crossrange and downrange components of trajectory response under control were investigated.

Detecting Wheat Powdery Mildew and Predicting Grain Yield Using Unmanned Aerial Photography.

High-resolution aerial imaging with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to quantify wheat powdery mildew and estimate grain yield. Aerial digital images were acquired at Feekes growth stage (GS) 10.5.

Effects of Climate Change on Epidemics of Powdery Mildew in Winter Wheat in China.

Powdery mildew is a highly destructive winter wheat pathogen in China. Since the causative agent is sensitive to changing weather conditions, we analyzed climatic records from regions with previous wheat powdery mildew epidemics (1970 to 2012) and investigated the long-term effects of climate change on the percent acreage (PA) of the disease. Then, using PA and the pathogen's temperature requirements, we constructed a multiregression model to predict changes in epidemics during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s under representative concentration pathways RCP2.

Detection of powdery mildew in two winter wheat plant densities and prediction of grain yield using canopy hyperspectral reflectance.

To determine the influence of plant density and powdery mildew infection of winter wheat and to predict grain yield, hyperspectral canopy reflectance of winter wheat was measured for two plant densities at Feekes growth stage (GS) 10.5.3, 10.

Development of Weather- and Airborne Inoculum-Based Models to Describe Disease Severity of Wheat Powdery Mildew.

Disease severity of wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, was recorded weekly in fungicide-free field plots for three successive seasons from 2009 to 2012 in Langfang City, Hebei Province, China.

Simultaneous real-time PCR detection of Fusarium asiaticum, F. ussurianum and F. vorosii, representing the Asian clade of the F. graminearum species complex.

Due to the repeated discovery of new members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), some of the F. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.

Characterization of the sterol 14α-demethylases of Fusarium graminearum identifies a novel genus-specific CYP51 function.

CYP51 encodes the cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase, an enzyme essential for sterol biosynthesis and the target of azole fungicides. In Fusarium species, including pathogens of humans and plants, three CYP51 paralogues have been identified with one unique to the genus. Currently, the functions of these three genes and the rationale for their conservation within the genus Fusarium are unknown.