Eco-friendly Nanoparticles Synthesized from Salvia sclarea Ethanol Extract Protect against STZ-induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats via Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Apoptosis Mechanisms.

Recent global scientific attention has been directed towards eco-friendly synthesis and versatile applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their effectiveness against specific cells and tissues. This study aimed to develop a green synthesis method for AgNPs using ethanolic extract from Salvia sclarea aerial parts, and to assess their protective efficacy against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Additionally, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis studies were conducted to understand their mode of action.

The phenotype and related gene expressions of macrophages in adipose tissue of T2D mice following MSCs infusion.

Background: Infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induces polarization of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. Studies have shown that M2 macrophages were divided into four sub-phenotypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d) with different functions, and manuscripts have also confirmed that macrophages co-cultured with MSCs were not matched with known four phenotype macrophages. Therefore, our study explored the phenotype and related gene expressions of macrophages in the adipose tissue of T2D mice with/without MSCs infusion.

Application Effect of Bladder Function Training Combined with Kangaiping Pills on Permanent Bladder Stoma after Radical Prostatectomy.

Objective: To investigate the application effect of bladder function training combined with Kangaiping pills on permanent bladder stoma after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with a permanent bladder stoma after RP in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were equally split into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) according to the odd and even hospitalization numbers. EG received bladder function training combined with Kangaiping pills while CG received routine nursing for permanent bladder stomas to compare the urodynamic indexes and quality of life (QOL) scores after intervention between the two groups.

Reversion of early- and late-stage β-cell dedifferentiation by human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in type 2 diabetic mice.

Background Aims: The authors aimed to observe β-cell dedifferentiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and investigate the reversal effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) on early- and late-stage β-cell dedifferentiation.

Methods: In high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM mice, the authors examined the predominant role of β-cell dedifferentiation over apoptosis in the development of T2DM and observed the reversion of β-cell dedifferentiation by UC-MSCs. Next, the authors used db/db mice to observe the progress of β-cell dedifferentiation from early to late stage, after which UC-MSC infusions of the same amount were performed in the early and late stages of dedifferentiation.

Low-Dose Decitabine Assists Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Protecting Cells via the Modulation of the Macrophage Phenotype in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Background: Progressive -cell dysfunction, a major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is closely related to the infiltration of inflammatory macrophages within islets. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified to alleviate -cell dysfunction by modulating macrophage phenotype in T2D, but the restoration of -cells by a single MSC infusion is relatively transient. Decitabine (DAC) has been reported to polarize macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype at low doses.

M1 macrophages accelerate renal glomerular endothelial cell senescence through reactive oxygen species accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Cellular senescence is a fundamental aging mechanism leading to tissue dysfunction. Accumulation of senescent cells is observed in the context of diabetes, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Macrophages, the most prevalent leucocytes found in diabetic kidney, have been implicated in the modulation of cellular senescence; however, their role and mechanism in cellular senescence of diabetic kidney have not been determined.

Treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exerts anti-diabetic effects, improves long-term complications, and attenuates inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Long-term diabetes-associated complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes. These diabetic complications are closely linked to immune system activation along with chronic, non-resolving inflammation, but therapies to directly reverse these complications are still not available. Our previous study demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and islet function.

Decitabine assists umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in improving glucose homeostasis by modulating macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetic mice.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mechanistic researches demonstrate that the anti-diabetic effect of MSCs is partially mediated by eliciting macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype thus alleviating insulin resistance. However, single MSC infusion is insufficient to ameliorate sustained hyperglycemia or normalize blood glucose levels.

Cardiovascular disease outcomes in metabolically healthy obesity in communities of Beijing cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: A total of 9393 subjects aged ≥40 years were enrolled in the cohort study (2011-2015). The participants were stratified by body mass index category and metabolic risk at baseline, and incidence of CVD was ascertained at follow-up.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells direct macrophage polarization to alleviate pancreatic islets dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice.

Progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is recognized as a fundamental pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in protection of islets function in T2D individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

The homing of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the subsequent modulation of macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetic mice.

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), with both immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties, are promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As efficient cell therapy largely relies on appropriate homing to target tissues, knowing where and to what extent injected UC-MSCs have homed is critically important. However, bio-distribution data for UC-MSCs in T2DM subjects are extremely limited.

M2 macrophages infusion ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance by remodeling inflammatory/macrophages' homeostasis in obese mice.

Objective: The role of M2 macrophages infusion in dealing with obesity is still little known. In this study, the therapeutic effects of M2 macrophages infusion were investigated.

Methods: High fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6N mice.

The impact of a family history of type 2 diabetes on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in individuals with varying glucose tolerance.

Introduction: This study was performed to investigate the impact of a family history of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in populations with varying glucose tolerance.

Methods: Among the total of 142 participants, 73 subjects with no family history of T2DM (FH-) included 42 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT/FH-) and 31 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT/FH-); and 69 first-degree relatives of patients with T2DM (FH+) included 36 with NGT (NGT/FH+) and 33 with IGT (IGT/FH+). Insulin resistance was evaluated by Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) based on the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.