Bacterial wilt disease alters the structure and function of fungal communities around plant roots.

Background: Fungal communities around plant roots play crucial roles in maintaining plant health. Nonetheless, the responses of fungal communities to bacterial wilt disease remain poorly understood. Here, the structure and function of fungal communities across four consecutive compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane and root endosphere) were investigated under the influence of bacterial wilt disease.

Fermentation process of tobacco leaves drives the specific changes of microbial community.

Background: The changes of microbial community on tobacco leaves are affected by several factors during fermentation. However, the relative contribution of different factors in determining microbial community is not clear. This study investigated the effects of fermentation time (fermentation for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months), leaf position (middle and top tobacco leaves) and fermentation site (Longyan and Xiamen warehouses) on bacterial community of tobacco leaves using 16 S rDNA sequencing.

Two-step computational redesign of Bacillus subtilis cellulase and β-glucanase for enhanced thermostability and activity.

The growing demand for biocatalysts in biomass processing highlights the necessity of enhancing the thermostability of glycoside hydrolases. However, improving both thermostability and activity is often hindered by trade-offs between backbone rigidity and the flexibility of substrate-binding regions. In this study, Bacillus subtilis cellulase and β-glucanase were engineered using a two-step process incorporating the computational tools Pythia and ESM-2, which were found complementary in improving stability and activity.

Manipulation in root-associated microbiome via carbon nanosol for plant growth improvements.

Background: Modulating the microbiome with nanomaterials has been proposed to improve plant growth, and reduce reliance on external inputs. Carbon Nanosol (CNS) was attracted for its potential to improve plant productivity. However, the mechanism between CNS and rhizosphere microorganisms remained largely elusive.

Carbon nanosol promotes plant growth and broad-spectrum resistance.

Carbon nanosol (CNS) is a carbon-based nanomaterial capable of promoting plant growth while the underlying mechanism involved in this process remains unknown. This study demonstrates that CNS promotes rice seedling growth under restricted concentrations. Macroelement transporter mutants were investigated to further investigate the CNS-mediated promotion of rice seedling growth.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of WD40 proteins reveal that NtTTG1 enhances drought tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

Background: WD40 proteins, which are highly prevalent in eukaryotes, play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, systematic identification and exploration of WD40 proteins in tobacco have not yet been conducted.

Results: In this study, a total of 399 WD40 regulatory genes were identified in common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

NRAMP6c plays a key role in plant cadmium accumulation and resistance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) exhibit considerable potential for phytoremediation of soil cadmium (Cd) pollutants, owing to their substantial biomass and efficient metal accumulation capabilities. The reduction of Cd accumulation in tobacco holds promise for minimizing Cd intake in individuals exposed to cigar smoking.

Carbon nanosol-induced assemblage of a plant-beneficial microbiome consortium.

Carbon nanosol (CNS) is a carbon-based nanomaterial that promotes plant growth; however, its functional mechanisms and effects on the microbiome are not fully understood. Here, we explored the effects of CNS on the relationship between the soil, endophytic microbiomes and plant productivity. CNS treatment increased the fresh biomass of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.

Investigating nicotine pathway-related long non-coding RNAs in tobacco.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 bp with low or no protein-coding ability, which play essential roles in various biological processes in plants. Tobacco is an ideal model plant for studying nicotine biosynthesis and metabolism, and there is little research on lncRNAs in this field. Therefore, how to take advantage of the mature tobacco system to profoundly investigate the lncRNAs involved in the nicotine pathway is intriguing.

Metagenomic insights into the changes in the rhizosphere microbial community caused by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tobacco.

Root-knot nematode (RKN) disease is a destructive soil disease that affects crop health and causes huge losses in crop production. To explore the relationships between soil environments, rhizobacterial communities, and plant health, rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing in tobacco samples with different grades of RKN disease. The results showed that the community structure and function of the plant rhizosphere were significantly correlated to the RKN disease.

Analysis of herbivore-responsive long noncoding ribonucleic acids reveals a subset of small peptide-coding transcripts in .

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate many biological processes in plants, including defense against pathogens and herbivores. Recently, many small ORFs embedded in lncRNAs have been identified to encode biologically functional peptides (small ORF-encoded peptides [SEPs]) in many species. However, it is unknown whether lncRNAs mediate defense against herbivore attack and whether there are novel functional SEPs for these lncRNAs.

The wilt pathogen induces different variations of root-associated microbiomes of plant.

Root-associated compartments, including the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere, live with diverse microbial communities which profoundly affect plant growth and health. However, a systematic understanding of the microbiome assembly across the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere under pathogen invasion remains elusive. Using 16S high-throughput sequencing, we studied how bacterial wilt disease affected the variation and assembly of the three continuous root-associated microbiomes of tobacco.

Metagenomic insight into the microbial degradation of organic compounds in fermented plant leaves.

Microbial degradation of organic compounds is an environmentally benign and energy efficient part in product processing. Fermentation of plant leaves involves enzymatic actions of many microorganisms. However, microbes and enzymes discovered from natural degradation communities were still limited by cultural methods.

Insights into the Interactions Between Root Phenotypic Traits and the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community.

The root phenotypic traits have been considered as important factors in shaping the rhizosphere microbiome and regulating plant growth. However, the relationships between root phenotypic traits and the rhizosphere bacterial community remain unclear. We investigated two fields with different developing tobacco roots by a long-term positioning test in Hengshi.

PCMDB: a curated and comprehensive resource of plant cell markers.

The advent of single-cell sequencing opened a new era in transcriptomic and genomic research. To understand cell composition using single-cell studies, a variety of cell markers have been widely used to label individual cell types. However, the specific database of cell markers for use by the plant research community remains very limited.

Distribution of the potential pathogenic Alternaria on plant leaves determines foliar fungal communities around the disease spot.

Plant leaves are colonized by a remarkably diverse fungal microbiome, which contributes to host plant growth and health. However, responses of foliar fungal community to phytopathogen invasion and measures of the fungal community taken to resist or assist pathogens remain elusive. By utilizing high-throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicons, we studied the relationships between the foliar fungal community around the disease spot and the pathogen of brown spot disease.

Ecological strategies of biological and chemical control agents on wildfire disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Background: To investigate the ecological effects of chemical and biological control methods on tobacco wildfire disease, a plot field experiment was conducted to compare the control efficiency and mechanisms of a chemical pesticide (kasugamycin wettable powder, KWP) and a biological control agent (BCA) through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes.

Results: The results showed that the BCA displayed better performance in decreasing the disease index and morbidity of tobacco than the chemical pesticide. By monitoring the endophytic community within tobacco leaves, it was found that the control effects of these two methods might be mediated by different changes in the endophytic bacterial communities and community assembly patterns.

Soil potentials to resist continuous cropping obstacle: Three field cases.

Continuous cropping has become the most common system in intensive, modern agricultural production; however, obstacles often appear in continuous cropping patterns after a few years of use. There have been several studies about the impacts of continuous cropping on soil microbial, but few about differences between soil experiencing continuous cropping obstacles and those where such obstacles had been resisted. Here, after ten or twenty years of continuous tobacco cropping, we collected soil samples investigating discrepancies in soil property and bacterial community between soils experiencing continuous cropping obstacles and soils where the obstacles were resisted providing insight into preventing and controlling continuous cropping obstacles.

Mobile genetic elements mediate the mixotrophic evolution of novel Alicyclobacillus species for acid mine drainage adaptation.

Alicyclobacillus species inhabit diverse environments and have adapted to broad ranges of pH and temperature. However, their adaptive evolutions remain elusive, especially regarding the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Here, we characterized the distributions and functions of MGEs in Alicyclobacillus species across five environments, including acid mine drainage (AMD), beverages, hot springs, sediments, and soils.

An integrated insight into bioleaching performance of chalcopyrite mediated by microbial factors: Functional types and biodiversity.

Six artificial communities with different function or biodiversity were reconstructed by six typical bioleaching species for chalcopyrite leaching. Absence of sulfur oxidizers in communities significantly reduced copper extraction rates, and low diversity communities also exhibited slightly poor bioleaching performances. The variations of pH, redox potential, ferrous and copper ions indicated that the community with both sulfur oxidizers and high diversity showed fast adaptation to the environment and rapid dissolution of chalcopyrite.

Assessing Chromium Contamination in Red Soil: Monitoring the Migration of Fractions and the Change of Related Microorganisms.

The improper stacking of chromium (Cr) slag poses a great threat to the environment and human health. The toxicity of Cr in soil is not only related to its total amount, but also to its fractions. A simulated experiment was conducted in laboratory to assess the environmental risk of Cr fractions migration and distribution in red soil.

Effective bioleaching of low-grade copper ores: Insights from microbial cross experiments.

The interaction between microorganisms and minerals was a hot topic to reveal the transformation of key elements that affecting bioleaching efficiency. Three typical low-grade copper ores, the main copper-bearing components of which were primary sulfide, secondary sulfide and high-oxidative sulfide copper, were obtained from Dexing, Zijinshan and Luanshya copper mine, respectively. Meanwhile, six typical microorganisms were isolated from each of the three habitats, and assembled as communities based on their origins.

Responses of phyllosphere microbiota and plant health to application of two different biocontrol agents.

The phyllosphere supports a tremendous diversity of microbes, which have the potential to influence plant biogeography and ecosystem function. Although biocontrol agents (BCAs) have been used extensively for controlling plant diseases, the ecological effects of BCAs on phyllosphere bacteria and the relationships between phyllosphere community and plant health are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the control efficiency of two BCA communities on bacterial wildfire disease by repeatedly spraying BCAs on tobacco leaves.

Traits of Exogenous Species and Indigenous Community Contribute to the Species Colonization and Community Succession.

Introducing exogenous species into an environment is an effective method to strengthen ecological functions. The traits of the exogenous species and the indigenous communities, as well as the resistance and subsequent succession of the community to exogenous species, are not well-understood. Here, three different functional consortia were introduced into two extremely acidic systems, leaching heap (LH) and leaching solution (LS), derived from the Zijin copper mine in China.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution, Organization, and Evolution of Metal Resistance Genes in the Genus .

Members of the genus , which can adapt to extremely high concentrations of heavy metals, are universally found at acid mine drainage (AMD) sites. Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 37 strains within the genus to answer the untouched questions as to the mechanisms and the evolutionary history of metal resistance genes in spp. The results showed that the evolutionary history of metal resistance genes in spp.