Contribution of different class 2 integron elements to fitness costs in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and evaluation of their adaptability in "farm-to-table" environments.

Integrons play a pivotal role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, because they can capture and express exogenous antimicrobial resistance genes. This study aimed to elucidate the structure and contribution of different elements of class 2 integrons to fitness costs in their host bacteria and evaluate their adaptability to the "farm-to-table" process. We mapped 27 typical class 2 integrons of Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic foods and pork products, each harboring an inactive truncated class 2 integrase gene and the gene cassette (GC) array dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 with strong Pc2A/Pc2B promoters.

Rapid on-site nucleic acid testing: On-chip sample preparation, amplification, and detection, and their integration into all-in-one systems.

As nucleic acid testing is playing a vital role in increasingly many research fields, the need for rapid on-site testing methods is also increasing. The test procedure often consists of three steps: Sample preparation, amplification, and detection. This review covers recent advances in on-chip methods for each of these three steps and explains the principles underlying related methods.

Rapid detection of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in pathogens by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick.

The worrying emergence of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in food animals and human populations throughout the food chain and relevant environments has been increasingly reported worldwide. pathogens are considered the most common reservoirs of such antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, a rapid, efficient and accurate detection method to simultaneously screen and monitor such ARGs in pathogens has become an urgent need.

Fitness cost and compensation mechanism of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) in Escherichia coli.

The fitness cost of antibiotic resistance is a crucial factor to determine the evolutionary and transmission success of resistant bacteria. Exploring the fitness cost and compensation mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria may effectively reduce the transmission of drug-resistant genes in the environment. Engineered bacteria with the same genetic background that carry sulfonamide resistance gene were generated to explore the fitness cost of sulfonamide resistance gene in Escherichia coli.

Draft genome of a multidrug and multi-heavy metal resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST165 strain of Penaeus vannamei from seawater farms in Zhejiang, China.

Objectives: Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST165 strain (FB-11) was first isolated in 2019 in China from Penaeus vannamei from seawater farms. The strain includes multidrug resistant (MDR) and multi-heavy metal resistant (MHMR) phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to determine the draft genome sequence of strain FB-11 and analyze the genetic features with a special focus on MDR and MHMR genes.

Corrigendum: Diverse Mobile Genetic Elements and Conjugal Transferability of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes () in Isolates From and Pork From Large Markets in Zhejiang, China.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.

Co-occurrence of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance and Sequence Type Diversity of Isolated From at Freshwater Farms, Seawater Farms, and Markets in Zhejiang Province, China.

is the leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial poisoning in China and is a threat to human health worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic resistance profiles and distribution of heavy metal resistance of isolates from from freshwater farms, seawater farms, and their corresponding markets in Zhejiang, China and to assess the relationship between multidrug resistance (MDR) and multi-heavy metal resistance (MHMR). Of the 360 samples that we tested, 90 (25.

Occurrence of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Pacific Mackerel at Markets in Zhejiang, China.

Abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a widespread bacterium in the marine environment and is one of the leading causes of food-derived bacterial poisoning in humans worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence factors, and antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Pacific mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) from different markets in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.

Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) Combined with Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of in Food.

can cause serious foodborne diseases. We have developed a lateral flow immunoassay combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (LFD-RPA) for detection of in food. The conserved fragment () was selected as the target gene.

Employing DNA binding dye to improve detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in real-time LAMP.

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a pathogen in the pancreatic tissue of prawn, as reported in recent years. Enterosporidiosis caused by EHP in Penaeus genus is spreading widely, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in the world. Empolying the DNA binding dye of SYTO-16, a real-time quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been established herein to detect EHP.

A simple and efficient method for potential point-of-care diagnosis of human papillomavirus genotypes: combination of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick and reverse dot blot.

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world's woman population with a high incidence in developing countries where diagnostic conditions for the cancer are poor. The main culprit causing the cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is divided into three major groups, i.

Diverse Mobile Genetic Elements and Conjugal Transferability of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes (, , and ) in Isolates From and Pork From Large Markets in Zhejiang, China.

High prevalence rates of sulfonamide resistance genes , , and have been observed in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from humans, domestic animals, and aquaculture species worldwide. We investigated the distribution characteristics, location, conjugative transferability, and genetic environments of genes from isolates collected from and pork samples from three large markets in Zhejiang, China. The prevalence rates of genes in sulfonamide-resistant isolates from and pork samples were 90.

Antibiotic Resistance and Characteristics of Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolated from Penaeus vannamei at a Freshwater Shrimp Farm in Zhejiang Province, China.

Our study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles, integrons and their associated gene cassettes (GCs), and insertion sequence common regions of Escherichia coli isolates from Penaeus vannamei collected at a large-scale freshwater shrimp farm in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. A total of 182 E. coli isolates were identified from 200 samples.

Strategies for screening, purification and characterization of bacteriocins.

Bacteriocins are bioactive antimicrobial peptides synthesized in the ribosome of numerous bacteria and released extracellularly. Bacteriocins have the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of prokaryotes and could potentially be useful against pathogens and antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The antimicrobial mechanisms and relatively narrow killing spectrums of bacteriocins distinguish them from traditional broad-spectrum antibiotics, making them possible candidates to replace antibiotics in the future.

Purification, Characterization, and Mode of Action of Pentocin JL-1, a Novel Bacteriocin Isolated from , against Drug-Resistant .

and its drug-resistant strains, which threaten public health and food safety, are in need of effective control by biopreservatives. A novel bacteriocin, pentocin JL-1, produced by that was isolated from the intestinal tract of , was purified by a four-step chromatographic process. Mass spectrometry based on MALDI-TOF indicated that pentocin JL-1 has a molecular mass of 2987.

Colorimetric Detection of 23 Human Papillomavirus Genotypes by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to cervical cancer. With the technological development of molecular biology and epidemiology, detection and treatment of HPV has become an important mean to prevent cervical cancer.

Methods: A simple, rapid, and sensitive colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was established herein to detect 23 HPV genotypes.

Isothermal Method of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for the Detection of Most Common High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type 16 and Type 18 DNA.

Background: Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic malignant tumor and has a great impact on women's health. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions and the two are possibly two stages of disease progression. With the technological development of molecular biology and epidemiology, detection and treatment of HPV has become an important means to prevent cervical cancer.

Molecular insights into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation--carbohydrate and oil analyses and gene expression profiling in the seeds of a rice waxy mutant.

Background: Understanding carbon partitioning in cereal seeds is of critical importance to develop cereal crops with enhanced starch yields for food security and for producing specified end-products high in amylose, β-glucan, or fructan, such as functional foods or oils for biofuel applications. Waxy mutants of cereals have a high content of amylopectin and have been well characterized. However, the allocation of carbon to other components, such as β-glucan and oils, and the regulation of the altered carbon distribution to amylopectin in a waxy mutant are poorly understood.

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii).

Contamination of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) in infant formulas and other food products is a severe problem. Here a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapidly detecting Cronobacter spp.

Development of a colloidal gold-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the rapid simultaneous detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine in swine urine.

A multianalyte lateral-flow immunochromatographic technique using colloidal gold-labeled polyclonal antibodies was developed for the rapid simultaneous detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine. The assay procedure could be accomplished within 5 min, and the results of this qualitative one-step assay were evaluated visually according to whether test lines appeared or not. When applied to the swine urines, the detection limit and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of the test strip under an optical density scanner were calculated to be 0.