Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) chemokine CXCL11.

Chemokines are small, secreted proteins with chemoattractive properties, which play an important role in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. CXCL11 is a CXC chemokine specific for the CXCR3 receptors, which has been shown to mediate the generation of Th1-type immune responses and have bactericidal effects similar to defensins. Herein, we cloned the full-length cDNA of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) CXCL11, designated as PsCXCL11, which consist of an open reading frame (ORF) of 282 bp encoding 93 amino acids, with estimated molecular weight of 10.

Inhibitory effect of acarbose on tyrosinase: application of molecular dynamics integrating inhibition kinetics.

Due to its clinical and cosmetic applications, investigators have paid attention to tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitor development. In this study, a TYR inhibition study with acarbose was investigated to gain insights into the regulation of the catalytic function. Biochemical assay results indicated that acarbose was turned to be an inhibitor of TYR in a reversible binding manner and probed as a distinctive mixed-type inhibitor via measurement of double-reciprocal kinetic ( = 18.

Application of Computational Simulation Integrating Inhibition Kinetics for Detecting Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Salsalate Is a New Inhibitor.

Background: Tyrosinase inhibitor developments have been widely attended by investigators for their various applications.

Objective: A combination of virtual screening of docking simulations and biochemical inhibition kinetics was performed to find a new inhibitor of tyrosinase for the clinical application of an antipigment agent.

Methods: We conducted docking simulations to detect tyrosinase key binding residues and used the detected binding residues to screen the NCBI PubChem database for probing tyrosinase binding compounds.

Characterization of the Pelodiscus sinensis polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (P. sinensis pIgR) and its response to LPS and Aeromonas sobria.

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is one of the most vital components of mucosal immunity that plays a pivotal role in mediating transcytosis of polymeric immunoglobulin (pIg) on epithelial surfaces for protection against invading pathogens. Herein, we cloned the full-length cDNA of Pelodiscus sinensis pIgR, designated as P. sinensis pIgR, made of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1848 bp, molecular weight of 68.

Immunization with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in Oil-Adjuvant Elicits IgM Antibody Response in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ().

Immunoassays are among the frontline methods used for disease diagnosis and surveillance. Despite this, there are no immunoassays developed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (), which has expanded into large scale commercial production in several Asian countries. One of the critical factors delaying the development of immunoassays is the lack of characterized soft-shelled turtle immunoglobulins.

Evaluation of differentially expressed immune-related genes in intestine of Pelodiscus sinensis after intragastric challenge with lipopolysaccharide based on transcriptome analysis.

Pelodiscus sinensis is the most common turtle species that has been raised in East and Southeast Asia. However, there are still limited studies about the immune defense mechanisms in its small intestine until now. In the present research, histological analysis and transcriptome analysis was performed on the small intestine of P.

Identification, characterization and expression analysis of ERK2 in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis after challenge with LPS and Aeromonas hydrophila.

Farming of Eriocheir sinensis was seriously threaten by the infection of opportunistic pathogens, especially the gram-negative bacterium. In this paper, we analyzed the sequence of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 2 (ERK2) of E. sinensis (EsERK2) and its expression levels after challenge with LPS and Aeromonas hydrophila in both in vivo and in vitro examination.

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the hemocyte apoptosis of Eriocheir sinensis.

In the present study, we investigated the possible toxicity mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from Gram-negative bacteria in Eriocheir sinensis hemocytes. Apoptotic hemocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by the LPS were monitored by the combination of flow cytometry and microscope observation. It was shown that LPS induced serious damage on the DNA and morphological changes in hemocytes, including cell shrinkage, fracture of nucleus membrane, margination, condensation and fragmentation of chromatin, and formation of apoptotic bodies indicating obvious hemocyte apoptosis.

Immune response of peroxinectin of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis to exterior stimulation.

Peroxinectin possesses the features of both peroxidase activity and adhesive property and plays important roles in innate immune system of crustaceans. In this study, the sequence of peroxinectin of Eriocheir sinensis (EsPX) was analyzed and its expression in response to exterior stimulation was detected in both in vivo and in vitro examination. We showed that the full-length cDNA sequence was composed of 2701 bp and owned a molecular mass of 85.

Classification and phagocytosis of circulating haemocytes in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the effect of extrinsic stimulation on circulating haemocytes in vivo.

Eriocheir sinensis (Henri Milne Edwards 1854) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. In this investigation, we characterised the different types of haemocytes of E. sinensis using light and electron microscopy combined with cytochemical analysis and determined the in vivo phagocytic ability of different haemocyte types by injecting polystyrene beads.