, a Quantitative Trait Locus for Rice Grain Shape, Encodes a RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase.

Grain weight and grain shape are important traits that determine rice grain yield and quality. Mining more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control grain weight and shape will help to further improve the molecular regulatory network of rice grain development and provide gene resources for high-yield and high-quality rice varieties. In the present study, a QTL for grain length (GL) and grain width (GW), , was firstly fine-mapped into a 21.

Control of Grain Weight and Size in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by OsPUB3 Encoding a U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase.

Grain weight and size, mostly determined by grain length, width and thickness, are crucial traits affecting grain quality and yield in rice. A quantitative trait locus controlling grain length and width in rice, qGS1-35.2, was previously fine-mapped in a 57.

Control of Grain Shape and Size in Rice by Two Functional Alleles of in Varied Genetic Background.

Grain shape and size are key determinants of grain appearance quality and yield in rice. In our previous study, a grain shape QTL, , was fine-mapped using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from a cross between Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46 (MY46). One annotated gene, , was found to be the most likely candidate gene.

Control of Thousand-Grain Weight by in Rice.

Grain weight and size are important traits determining grain yield and influencing grain quality in rice. In a previous study, a quantitative trait locus controlling thousand-grain weight (TGW) in rice, , was mapped in a 70.7 kb region on chromosome 10.

Identification through fine mapping and verification using CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis for a minor QTL controlling grain weight in rice.

A minor QTL for grain weight in rice, qTGW1.2b, was fine-mapped. Its casual gene OsVQ4 was confirmed through CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis, exhibiting an effect that was larger than the original QTL effect.

Fine-mapping of , a quantitative trait locus for grain weight in rice ( L.).

Background: Grain weight is a grain yield component, which is an integrated index of grain length, width and thickness. They are controlled by a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Besides major QTLs, minor QTLs play an essential role.

Pleiotropic Effects of Rice Florigen Gene on the Amino Acid Content of Unmilled Rice.

In rice, the contents of protein and amino acids are the major parameters of nutritional quality. Co-localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date and protein content were reported, but pleiotropism of heading-date genes on protein contents has not been investigated. Here, we reported that rice florigen gene plays an important role in controlling amino acid contents of rice grain.

Genetic mapping of ionomic quantitative trait loci in rice grain and straw reveals OsMOT1;1 as the putative causal gene for a molybdenum QTL qMo8.

Rice is a major dietary source of essential mineral nutrients and toxic elements (aka ionome) for humans. However, the genetic basis underlying the variation in ionome is still largely unknown. Here, we mapped 51 and 61 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the concentrations of 13 and 15 elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.

Importance of the Interaction between Heading Date Genes and for Controlling Yield Traits in Rice.

Appropriate flowering time is crucial for successful grain production, which relies on not only the action of individual heading date genes, but also the gene-by-gene interactions. In this study, influences of interaction between and on flowering time and yield traits were analyzed using near isogenic lines derived from a cross between rice cultivars ZS97 and MY46. In the non-functional background, the functional allele promoted flowering under both the natural short-day (NSD) conditions and natural long-day (NLD) conditions.

Dissection and fine-mapping of two QTL for grain size linked in a 460-kb region on chromosome 1 of rice.

Background: Grain size is a key determinant of grain weight and a trait having critical influence on grain quality in rice. While increasing evidences are shown for the importance of minor-effect QTL in controlling complex traits, the attention has not been given to grain size until recently. In previous studies, five QTL having small effects for grain size were resolved on the long arm of chromosome 1 using populations derived from indica rice cross Zhenshan 97///Zhenshan 97//Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46.

Natural variation at qHd1 affects heading date acceleration at high temperatures with pleiotropism for yield traits in rice.

Background: Rice is highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Recently, the frequent occurrence of high temperature stress has heavily influenced rice production. Proper heading date in specific environmental conditions could ensure high grain yield.

Assessment and genetic analysis of heavy metal content in rice grain using an Oryza sativa × O. rufipogon backcross inbred line population.

Background: Heavy metal accumulation in rice is a growing concern for public health. Backcross inbred lines derived from an interspecific cross of Oryza sativa × O. rufipogon were grown in two distinct ecological locations (Hangzhou and Lingshui, China).

Rice Flowering Locus T 1 plays an important role in heading date influencing yield traits in rice.

Important role of flowering genes in enhancing grain productivity in rice has become well recognized for a number of key genes regulating the florigen production, but little has been known for the two florigen genes themselves. In this study, pleiotropism of Rice Flowering Locus T 1 (RFT1), one of the two florigen genes in rice, was firstly evaluated using near isogenic lines (NILs) carrying RFT1 alleles from the indica rice cultivars Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46, respectively, and then determined by transformation of the RFT1 allele into a japonica rice variety, Zhonghua 11. The RFT1 allele was shown to delay heading and increase plant height, grain weight, grain number and grain yield, indicating that RFT1 plays an important role in the growth and development of rice.

Detection of QTLs for Yield Heterosis in Rice Using a RIL Population and Its Testcross Population.

Analysis of the genetic basis of yield heterosis in rice was conducted by quantitative trait locus mapping using a set of 204 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), its testcross population, and mid-parent heterosis dataset (H). A total of 39 QTLs for six yield traits were detected, of which three were detected in all the datasets, ten were common to the RIL and testcross populations, six were common to the testcross and H, and 17, 2, and 1 were detected for RILs, testcrosses, and H, respectively. When a QTL was detected in both the RIL and testcross populations, the difference between TQ and IR24 and that between Zh9A/TQ and Zh9A/IR24 were always in the same direction, providing the potential to increase the yield of hybrids by increasing the yield of parental lines.

Effects of Hd2 in the presence of the photoperiod-insensitive functional allele of Hd1 in rice.

The role of photoperiod sensitivity (PS) of flowering genes have become well recognized in rice, whereas little attention has been drawn to the non-PS component of these genes, especially to their influence on gene-by-gene interactions. Rice populations in which the photoperiod-sensitive allele at Hd1 has become insensitive to photoperiod but continued to affect heading date (HD) were used in this study to fine-map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for HD and analyze its genetic relationship to Hd1 The QTL was delimitated to a 96.3-kb region on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 7.

Dissection of the qTGW1.1 region into two tightly-linked minor QTLs having stable effects for grain weight in rice.

Background: Most agronomical traits of crop species are complex traits controlled by multiple genes and affected by environmental factors. While considerable efforts have been made to fine-map and clone major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits in rice, it is not until recently that the attention has been paid to minor QTLs. Following previous dissection of QTLs for grain weight and grain size in a 12-Mb interval on the long arm of chromosome 1 in rice, this study targeted at one putative QTL region for a more precise mapping and for analyzing the genotype-by-environment interaction of minor QTLs.

Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Contents of Macro- and Microelements in Milled Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Macro- and microelement contents are important traits for nutritional quality in rice. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the contents of seven mineral elements in milled rice were detected using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46, followed by the validation and fine mapping of a QTL region on the short arm of chromosome 6. A total of 20 QTLs distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, and 11 were detected in the RIL population.

Fine mapping of qHd1, a minor heading date QTL with pleiotropism for yield traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

A minor QTL for heading date located on the long arm of rice chromosome 1 was delimitated to a 95.0-kb region using near isogenic lines with sequential segregating regions. Heading date and grain yield are two key factors determining the commercial potential of a rice variety.

Pleiotropism of the photoperiod-insensitive allele of Hd1 on heading date, plant height and yield traits in rice.

Five populations segregated in isogenic backgrounds and three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) overlapping in a 362.3-kb region covering heading date gene Hd1 were developed from the indica rice cross Zhenshan97 (ZS97)/Milyang 46 (MY46). They were used to analyze the effects of Hd1 on heading date, plant height and yield traits.

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for fiber and lignin contents from an interspecific cross Oryza sativa×Oryza rufipogon.

Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production, but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals. Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering. The common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff.

Validation and dissection of quantitative trait loci for leaf traits in interval RM4923-RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6.

Validation and dissection of a QTL region for leaf traits in rice which has been reported in a number of independent studies were conducted. Three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were originated from a residual heterozygous line derived the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46. They were overlapping and totally covered a 4.

[Genetic analysis of agronomic and physiological traits in rice under salt stress].

By employing a recombination inbreed line (RIL) population of 247 lines derived from an inidca-inidca cross Zhenshan 97Bx Milyang 46, a linkage map consisting of 250 DNA markers was used for QTL mapping of plant height, maximum root length, root dry weight and relative water content under normal and salt stress (0.7% NaCl). Six QTLs for these traits were identified under salt stress, with 6.

Progress in research and development on hybrid rice: a super-domesticate in China.

Background: China has been successful in breeding hybrid rice strains, but is now facing challenges to develop new hybrids with high-yielding potential, better grain quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper reviews the most significant advances in hybrid rice breeding in China, and presents a recent study on fine-mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield traits.

Scope: By exploiting new types of male sterility, hybrid rice production in China has become more diversified.

Isolation and characterization of defense response genes involved in neck blast resistance of rice.

Two cDNA libraries enriched for transcripts differentially expressed in plants of two rice lines with similar genetic backgrounds and same leaf blast resistance but different responses to neck blast using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). After differential screening and sequence analysis of the selected clones, 90 unique cDNA clones were found, of which 74 clones were with known functions according to the putative functions of their homologous genes in the database. They may be involved in pathogen response, signal transduction, transcription, etc.