Preparation methods, structural characteristics, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus.

Platycodon grandiflorus (P. grandiflorus), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for both medicine and food, has a long history of treating respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and other lung-related diseases. The therapeutic effects of P.

Development and evaluation of serological screening based on one dried plasma spot for HIV, syphilis, and HCV.

Background: In the effort to prevent and control HIV/AIDS, China has established a national sentinel surveillance system. However, some sentinel sites face limitations in environmental resources and accessibility, prompting the exploration of alternative sample strategies. Dried plasma spots (DPS) samples are viewed as promising alternatives to traditional plasma samples due to their advantages, including sample stability, easy storage, and convenient transport.

PDCD6 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis through the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin Pathway.

Objective: Programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6), a Ca -binding protein, has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in all kinds of tumors. The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of PDCD6 in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).

Methods: The expression levels of PDCD6 in liver cancer patients and HCC cell lines were analyzed using bioinformatics and Western blotting.

Phytochemicals, Biological Activities, Molecular Mechanisms, and Future Prospects of L.

L. has been used as a vegetable and nutritious food in Asia for thousands of years. According to recent phytochemical and pharmacological research, the active compositions of the plant contribute to various health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer.

Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects of ganoderic acid A on carbon tetrachloride induced nephrotoxicity by regulating the Trx/TrxR and JAK/ROCK pathway.

Ganoderic acid A (GAA), one of the major triterpenoid components extracted from Ganoderma mushroom has been shown to possess numerous important pharmacological activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of GAA on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced kidney inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice. The male mice were treated with 25 and 50 mg/mg GAA after stimulated with CCl.

Exploration of an Efficient Simultaneous Molecular Detection Method of HIV, HCV, and Syphilis from a Single Dried Blood Spot.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one dried blood spot (DBS) as an alternative sample to plasma.

Method: A total of 571 paired DBS/plasma samples were collected from men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDUs), and serological and molecular assays were performed. Using plasma results as the reference standard, the performance of DBS tests for HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA was evaluated.

Bixin attenuates carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in kidney by regulating the Nrf2/TLR4/MyD88 and PPAR-γ/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.

Bixin, an natural carotenoid extracted from the seeds of the Bixa orellana has been shown to possess numerous important pharmacological activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of Bixin on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced kidney inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice. Our results showed that Bixin improved renal damage by decreasing the serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid and alleviating kidney fibrosis.

Effects of Gastrodin against Lead-Induced Brain Injury in Mice Associated with the Wnt/Nrf2 Pathway.

Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Blume, exhibited potential neuroprotective properties. Here we examined the protective effects of GAS against lead(Pb)-induced nerve injury in mice, and explores its underlying mechanisms. Our research findings revealed that GAS improved behavioral deficits in Pb-exposed mice.

Effects of gastrodin against carbon tetrachloride induced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in mice associated with the AMPK/Nrf2/HMGB1 pathway.

Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exhibits potential renoprotective properties. Here, we examined the protective effects of GAS on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced kidney inflammation and fibrosis in mice, and explored its underlying mechanisms. Our research findings revealed that GAS improved CCl-induced renal damage in mice.

Ampelopsin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation associated with the SIRT1/TGF-β1/Smad3 and autophagy pathway.

Ampelopsin (Amp), a natural flavonoid found in the vine tea of Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibited anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and hepatoprotective properties. The current study instigates the protective effect of Amp on carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatic fibrosis and explores its underlying mechanisms. The results indicated Amp decreased the levels of liver injury markers.

Role of AMPK pathway in lead-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in kidney and in paeonol-induced protection in mice.

Paeonol is a natural flavonoid isolated from Moutan Cortex, which has been found to exhibit antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Herein, we investigated the nephroprotective efficacy of paeonol against Pb-induced toxicity and elucidated the potential mechanisms. The results revealed that paeonol significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction and histology changes of Pb-treated mice.

Dihydromyricetin Inhibits Lead-Induced Cognitive Impairments and Inflammation by the Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Mice.

Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavonoid derived from the medicinal and edible plant Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits antioxidant, antiapoptosis, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. This study evaluated the effects of DHM on Pb-induced neurotoxicity and explored the underlying mechanisms. DHM significantly ameliorated behavioral impairments of Pb-induced mice.

Protective effect of rutin against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mouse kidney associated with the ceramide, MAPKs, p53 and calpain activities.

Rutin, a natural flavonoid, possess beneficial health effects. However, its renoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl) induced injury and the underlying mechanism is not clarified. The current study aims is to identify the therapeutic effects of rutin on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mouse kidney exposed to CCl.

Association of changes in ER stress-mediated signaling pathway with lead-induced insulin resistance and apoptosis in rats and their prevention by A-type dimeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

A-type dimeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate (A-type-EGCG-dimer, AEd), a new proanthocyanidins dimer from persimmon fruits, has been shown to have health benefit effects. However, A-type-EGCG-dimer affects gluose metabolism in the liver and the underlying mechanism is not clarified. The present study aims to examine the protective effects of A-type-EGCG-dimer on Pb-induced hepatic insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in rats.

Puerarin protects mouse liver against nickel-induced oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the TLR4/p38/CREB pathway.

Nickel (Ni), one of hazardous environmental chemicals, is known to cause liver injury. Accumulating evidence showed that puerarin (PU) possessed comprehensive biological effects. The purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the puerarin protects against enhanced liver injury caused by Ni in mice.

Quercitrin offers protection against brain injury in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

Quercitrin is one of the primary flavonoid compounds present in vegetables and fruits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quercitrin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain injury and further to elucidate its probable mechanisms. ICR mice received CCl4 intraperitoneally with or without quercitrin co-administration for 4 weeks.

Quercetin protects mouse liver against CCl₄-induced inflammation by the TLR2/4 and MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Quercetin (QE), a natural flavonoid, has many medical beneficial effects. However, its protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced injury in liver have not been clarified. The aim of the present study is to illustrate the effects of QE on hepatic oxidative injury and inflammation in mice exposed to CCl4.

Quercetin protects mouse liver against nickel-induced DNA methylation and inflammation associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 and p38/STAT1/NF-κB pathway.

Quercetin (QE), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against nickel (Ni) induced injury in liver have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on hepatic DNA methylation and inflammation in mice exposed to nickel.

Protective effects of ursolic acid in an experimental model of liver fibrosis through Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Aim: Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response that occurs following liver injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of ursolic acid in liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups (Group 1: normal; Group 2: CCl4-treated group; Group 3: CCl4 plus ursolic acid 25mg/kg group; Group 4: CCl4 plus ursolic acid 50mg/kg group; Group 5: CCl4 plus colchicine 1mg/kg group; Group 6: ursolic acid 50mg/kg group).

Proanthocyanidins improves lead-induced cognitive impairments by blocking endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways in rats.

Proanthocyanidins (PCs), a class of naturally occurring flavonoids, had been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we examined the protective effect of PCs against lead-induced inflammatory response in the rat brain and explored the potential mechanism of its action. The results showed that PCs administration significantly improved behavioral performance of lead-exposed rats.

Puerarin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative DNA damage and inflammation in mouse kidney through ERK/Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been shown to possess many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of puerarin on oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and explored the potential mechanisms underlying this effect. Our results showed that puerarin administration significantly inhibited CCl4-induced kidney injury, which indicated by both diagnostic indicators and histopathological analysis.

Ursolic acid ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative DNA damage and inflammation in mouse kidney by inhibiting the STAT3 and NF-κB activities.

Ursolic acid (UA), a common pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced injury in kidneys are not yet clear. In the current report, we investigated whether UA inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of CCl4 treated mice.

Ursolic acid protects mouse liver against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced hepatotoxicity have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of UA on oxidative stress and inflammation in liver of CCl(4) treated mice.

Puerarin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia in mouse by JNK/c-Jun/CYP7A1 pathway.

Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of puerarin on hepatic oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia in mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Male ICR mice were injected with CCl4 with or without puerarin co-administration (200 and 400 mg/kg intragastrically once-daily) for 8 weeks.

Hepatoprotective properties of sesamin against CCl4 induced oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in mice via JNK pathway.

Sesamin (Ses), one of the major lignan derived from sesame seeds, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced injury in liver have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of sesamin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice exposed to CCl4.