Lung inflammation caused by long-term exposure to titanium dioxide in mice involving in NF-κB signaling pathway.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are used in many fields, such as paints, medicine additives, food additives, sunscreens, and agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism behind the formation of inflammation induced by TiO NPs. ICR mice were exposed to TiO NPs through intragastric administration at 2.