Digital mapping of resected cancer specimens: The visual pathology report.

Background: The current standard-of-care pathology report relies only on lengthy written text descriptions without a visual representation of the resected cancer specimen. This study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating virtual, three-dimensional (3D) visual pathology reports to improve communication of final pathology reporting.

Materials And Methods: Surgical specimens are 3D scanned and virtually mapped alongside the pathology team to replicate grossing.

Evaluation of Optical Tracking to Distinguish Surgeon Experience During Endoscopic Stone Surgery.

Optical tracking (OT) has shown potential in assessing surgical skill but has yet to be evaluated for endoscopic urologic surgery. We sought to evaluate the potential for OT to distinguish expert and trainee surgeons during flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for kidney stone treatment in both simulated and live surgical settings. We performed OT analysis of six surgeons performing stone localization during fURS in two settings.

Zero-shot prompt-based video encoder for surgical gesture recognition.

Purpose: In order to produce a surgical gesture recognition system that can support a wide variety of procedures, either a very large annotated dataset must be acquired, or fitted models must generalize to new labels (so-called zero-shot capability). In this paper we investigate the feasibility of latter option.

Methods: Leveraging the bridge-prompt framework, we prompt-tune a pre-trained vision-text model (CLIP) for gesture recognition in surgical videos.

More than meets the eye: Augmented reality in surgical oncology.

Background And Objectives: In the field of surgical oncology, there has been a desire for innovative techniques to improve tumor visualization, resection, and patient outcomes. Augmented reality (AR) technology superimposes digital content onto the real-world environment, enhancing the user's experience by blending digital and physical elements. A thorough examination of AR technology in surgical oncology has yet to be performed.

Cognitive load in tele-robotic surgery: a comparison of eye tracker designs.

Purpose: Eye gaze tracking and pupillometry are evolving areas within the field of tele-robotic surgery, particularly in the context of estimating cognitive load (CL). However, this is a recent field, and current solutions for gaze and pupil tracking in robotic surgery require assessment. Considering the necessity of stable pupillometry signals for reliable cognitive load estimation, we compare the accuracy of three eye trackers, including head and console-mounted designs.

Intraoperative gaze guidance with mixed reality.

Efficient communication and collaboration are essential in the operating room for successful and safe surgery. While many technologies are improving various aspects of surgery, communication between attending surgeons, residents, and surgical teams is still limited to verbal interactions that are prone to misunderstandings. Novel modes of communication can increase speed and accuracy, and transform operating rooms.

Towards navigation in endoscopic kidney surgery based on preoperative imaging.

Endoscopic renal surgeries have high re-operation rates, particularly for lower volume surgeons. Due to the limited field and depth of view of current endoscopes, mentally mapping preoperative computed tomography (CT) images of patient anatomy to the surgical field is challenging. The inability to completely navigate the intrarenal collecting system leads to missed kidney stones and tumors, subsequently raising recurrence rates.

Development of an augmented reality guidance system for head and neck cancer resection.

The use of head-mounted augmented reality (AR) for surgeries has grown rapidly in recent years. AR aids in intraoperative surgical navigation through overlaying three-dimensional (3D) holographic reconstructions of medical data. However, performing AR surgeries on complex areas such as the head and neck region poses challenges in terms of accuracy and speed.

ASSIST-U: A system for segmentation and image style transfer for ureteroscopy.

Kidney stones require surgical removal when they grow too large to be broken up externally or to pass on their own. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is also sometimes treated endoscopically in a similar procedure. These surgeries are difficult, particularly for trainees who often miss tumours, stones or stone fragments, requiring re-operation.

Cognitive effort detection for tele-robotic surgery via personalized pupil response modeling.

Purpose: Gaze tracking and pupillometry are established proxies for cognitive load, giving insights into a user's mental effort. In tele-robotic surgery, knowing a user's cognitive load can inspire novel human-machine interaction designs, fostering contextual surgical assistance systems and personalized training programs. While pupillometry-based methods for estimating cognitive effort have been proposed, their application in surgery is limited by the pupil's sensitivity to brightness changes, which can mask pupil's response to cognitive load.

Eye gaze metrics for skill assessment and feedback in kidney stone surgery.

Purpose: Surgical skill assessment is essential for safe operations. In endoscopic kidney stone surgery, surgeons must perform a highly skill-dependent mental mapping from the pre-operative scan to the intraoperative endoscope image. Poor mental mapping can lead to incomplete exploration of the kidney and high reoperation rates.

Augmented-Reality Surgery to Guide Head and Neck Cancer Re-resection: A Feasibility and Accuracy Study.

Background: Given the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of head and neck cancer specimens, head and neck surgeons often have difficulty relocating the site of an initial positive margin to perform re-resection. This cadaveric study aimed to determine the feasibility and accuracy of augmented reality surgery to guide head and neck cancer re-resections.

Methods: This study investigated three cadaveric specimens.

Rethinking causality-driven robot tool segmentation with temporal constraints.

Purpose: Vision-based robot tool segmentation plays a fundamental role in surgical robots perception and downstream tasks. CaRTS, based on a complementary causal model, has shown promising performance in unseen counterfactual surgical environments in the presence of smoke, blood, etc. However, CaRTS requires over 30 iterations of optimization to converge for a single image due to limited observability.

Coexpression of TLR9 and VEGF-C is associated with lymphatic metastasis in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequent cancers in men, and its biomolecular targets have been extensively studied. This study aimed to analyze the expression of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and the clinical value of the coexpression of TLR9 and VEGF-C in PCa. We retrospectively evaluated 55 patients with clinically localized, intermediate-risk, or high-risk PCa who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy at a single institution from June 2013 to December 2016.

An Interpretable Approach to Automated Severity Scoring in Pelvic Trauma.

Pelvic ring disruptions result from blunt injury mechanisms and are often found in patients with multi-system trauma. To grade pelvic fracture severity in trauma victims based on whole-body CT, the Tile AO/OTA classification is frequently used. Due to the high volume of whole-body trauma CTs generated in busy trauma centers, an automated approach to Tile classification would provide substantial value, e.

Cross-modal self-supervised representation learning for gesture and skill recognition in robotic surgery.

Purpose: Multi- and cross-modal learning consolidates information from multiple data sources which may offer a holistic representation of complex scenarios. Cross-modal learning is particularly interesting, because synchronized data streams are immediately useful as self-supervisory signals. The prospect of achieving self-supervised continual learning in surgical robotics is exciting as it may enable lifelong learning that adapts to different surgeons and cases, ultimately leading to a more general machine understanding of surgical processes.

Comparing intravenous peramivir with oral oseltamivir for patients with influenza: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The study was to compare the efficacy between IV peramivir and oral oseltamivir treatments in patients with influenza.

Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published before January 2020.

Identification of Ovarian Cancer Patients Most Likely to Achieve Chemotherapy Response Score 3 Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Development of a Predictive Nomogram.

The chemotherapy response score (CRS) system is a reproducible prognostic tool for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Achieving CRS 3 following NACT can be used as a surrogate for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). This study aimed to identify predictors of CRS 3 and develop a predictive nomogram.

Leveraging vision and kinematics data to improve realism of biomechanic soft tissue simulation for robotic surgery.

Purpose: Surgical simulations play an increasingly important role in surgeon education and developing algorithms that enable robots to perform surgical subtasks. To model anatomy, finite element method (FEM) simulations have been held as the gold standard for calculating accurate soft tissue deformation. Unfortunately, their accuracy is highly dependent on the simulation parameters, which can be difficult to obtain.

Impact of Poor Preoperative Glycemic Control on Outcomes among Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing a Radical Hysterectomy.

Background: The impact of preoperative glycemic control on the survival outcomes of patients undergoing a radical hysterectomy (RH) for cervical cancer has not been investigated.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent a type III RH for cervical cancer between January 2004 and June 2011 in our institution.

Results: A total of 431 patients were included and 83 (19.

The added value of fasting blood glucose to serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen for predicting oncological outcomes in cervical cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy.

Objective: To determine the combination of fasting blood glucose (FBG) with squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) assessments in the prediction of tumor responses to chemotherapy and pretreatment prognostication among patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

Methods: Data of 347 LACC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and areas under the curves (AUCs) were compared to evaluate the ability to predict complete response (CR) following NACT.

Efficacy and Safety of Lesinurad in Patients with Hyperuricemia Associated with Gout: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Patients Or Participants: Five RCTs, which included 1959 patients, compared the efficacy and safety of lesinurad in patients with hyperuricemia associated with gout.

A specific HeLa cell-labelled and lysosome-targeted upconversion fluorescent probe: PEG-modified SrYbF:Tm .

In this study, water-soluble PEG-modified SrYbF:Tm was prepared conveniently by a one-pot solvothermal method, where the molar ratio of Sr to Yb was controlled between 3 : 2 and 1 : 1. The optimum red-light emission at 677-699 nm was modulated via 0.7% Tm doped under irradiation at 980 nm.

Improving Ultrasound Detection of Uterine Adenomyosis Through Computational Texture Analysis.

The purpose of our study was to determine if a textural analysis metric can be implemented to improve diagnosis of adenomyosis by ultrasound.We retrospectively identified 38 patients with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis that also had a pelvic ultrasound within 6 months. We also identified 50 normal pelvic ultrasound examinations confirmed by a normal pelvic MRI within 6 months as a control group.