Activation and propagation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from malignant pleural effusion and ascites with engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown an effect on mediating tumor regression in some patients with highly advanced, refractory metastatic malignancy. Here, the in vitro generation of TILs isolated from malignant pleural effusion and ascites was compared with which using engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement (ECCE) and 3 common γ-chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15, alone or in combination. We showed the robust clinical-scale production of TILs with a less differentiated 'young' phenotype by expansion in the presence of ECCE combined with IL-2/7/15.

Inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration in VSMCs by proanthocyanidin A2: Involvement of KDR and Jak-2/STAT-3/cPLA signaling pathways.

Proanthocyanidin A2 (PA2), one of A-type proanthocyanidins, has been shown to harbor a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HIV, anti-CDV and anti-?-glucosidase activities. However, little is known about the role for PA2 in regulating PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. In the present study, we investigated the possible effects of PA2 on PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, migration and inflammation in VSMCs in vitro to mimic a postangioplasty PDGF shedding condition.

Effect of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone on Bcrp1-mediated transport of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo in mice.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a novel and target-specific class of anticancer drugs. One drawback of TKI therapy is cancer resistance to TKI. An important TKI resistance mechanism is enhanced efflux of TKI by efflux transporters, such as Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP), in cancer cells.

Bispecific tumor-penetrating protein anti-EGFR-iRGD efficiently enhances the infiltration of lymphocytes in gastric cancer.

Efficient trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the success of an effective antitumor immunotherapy. A major challenge to achieve effective adoptive immunotherapy is poor tumor penetration and inefficient migration of T cells to the tumor site. Several approaches to facilitate the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment have been suggested to overcome these obstacles.

Prenatal organophosphate insecticide exposure and infant sensory function.

Background: Occupational studies suggest that exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPs) can lead to vision or hearing loss. Yet the effects of early-life exposure on visual and auditory function are unknown. Here we examined associations between prenatal OP exposure and grating visual acuity (VA) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) during infancy.

Lapatinib Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Influencing PKM2 Expression.

Pyruvate kinase type M2, which is expressed in multiple tumor cell types and plays a key role in aerobic glycolysis, also has nonglycolytic functions and can regulate transcription and cell proliferation. The results of this study show that epidermal growth factor receptor activation induces pyruvate kinase type M2 nuclear translocation. To further determine the relationship between pyruvate kinase type M2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, we analyzed pathological data from mammary glands and performed epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 knockdown to reveal that pyruvate kinase type M2 is associated with epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.

Intrinsic chemiluminescence production from the degradation of haloaromatic pollutants during environmentally-friendly advanced oxidation processes: Mechanism, structure-activity relationship and potential applications.

The ubiquitous distribution of halogenated aromatic compounds (XAr) coupled with their carcinogenicity has raised public concerns on their potential risks to both human health and the ecosystem. Recently, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been considered as an "environmentally-friendly" technology for the remediation and destruction of such recalcitrant and highly toxic XAr. During our study on the mechanism of metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals (OH) by halogenated quinones and HO, we found, unexpectedly, that an unprecedented OH-dependent two-step intrinsic chemiluminescene (CL) can be produced by HO and tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone, the major carcinogenic metabolite of the widely used wood preservative pentachlorophenol.

Synthesis of tetracyclic azasugars fused benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one by the tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization and their HIV-RT inhibitory activity.

Azasugar aldehydes 6a and 6b containing azido groups were prepared from D-mannose. Three novel tetracyclic azasugars fused benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one 9a-1, 9a-2 and 9a-3 were conveniently synthesized from 6a by the tandem intramolecular Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization reaction under microwave radiation. Two unexpected elimination compounds 8b-1 and 8b-2 were achieved as the main products from 6b in the same processes.

Synthesis of pentacyclic iminosugars with constrained butterfly-like conformation and their HIV-RT inhibitory activity.

Novel pentacyclic iminosugars 1 and 2 with the constrained butterfly-like conformation were first synthesized by the key intramolecular click reaction from the tricyclic iminosugars fused benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one 3 and 4. The pentacyclic iminosugar was constructed by fusing both benzo[e][1,3]thiazin-4-one and triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazepine scaffolds. Their structures were determined by their H, C NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectra and X-ray.

Which Combination Treatment Is Better for Spinal Metastasis: Percutaneous Vertebroplasty With Radiofrequency Ablation, 125I Seed, Zoledronic Acid, or Radiotherapy?

Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) can not only alleviate pain but also restore mechanical stability with injection of bone cement, whereas it exhibits a poor effect on antitumor activity. But through combinations with other therapies, it may be possible to achieve the maximum effect in clinical treatment. Thus, this study is designed to assess the clinical efficacy of PVP separately combined with 4 ways for spinal metastasis (SM) treatment.

I-BET151 inhibits expression of RANKL, OPG, MMP3 and MMP9 in ankylosing spondylitis and .

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone resorption. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein inhibitor I-BET151 on AS process. A total of 38 AS Chinese patients were recruited and a further 38 sex- and age-matched healthy participants were selected as control.

Global research trends in spinal ultrasound: a systematic bibliometric analysis.

Background: In recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of ultrasound technology in the evaluation of spinal and paraspinal regions.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate trends in spinal ultrasound research from 1994 to 2015 and compare the contributions of such research from different countries and authors.

Study Design: Bibliometric analysis.

Pediatric allergy and immunology in China.

Over the past 30 years, China has enjoyed rapid economic development along with urbanization at a massive scale that the world has not experienced before. Such development has also been associated with a rapid rise in the prevalence of allergic disorders. Because of the large childhood population in the country, the burden of childhood allergic disorders has become one of the major challenges in the healthcare system.

Engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement combined with IL-21 enhance the generation of PD-1-disrupted CTLs for adoptive immunotherapy.

Blockade of the immune cell checkpoint inhibitors programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has become a powerful tool in cancer treatment, which is effective across various solid cancer types and hematologic malignancies. Our previous studies showed that by reducing immune tolerance, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) modified cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) rank highly in terms of immune responses and cytotoxicity. In this study, a genetically modified K562 cell line with surface expression of 4-1BBL was developed to expand PD-1-disrupted CTLs in vitro for further adoptive immunotherapy against cancer.

Phase I clinical study of personalized peptide vaccination combined with radiotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of a new treatment modality, cellular immune therapy based on personalized peptide vaccination (PPV-DC-CTL) combined with radiotherapy, for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: A total of nine patients with advanced HCC were enrolled. Multidisciplinary consultation confirmed that all the patients definitely had no opportunity of surgery, because four patients had multiple liver metastases (the number of liver lesions > 3), one patient had liver metastases and portal vein tumor thrombosis, one patient had lung and bone metastases, two patients had liver and lung metastases and one patient had liver metastasis and peritoneal metastasis.

Sensorless control for switched reluctance motor based on special position detection.

This paper proposes a new sensorless control approach for switched reluctance motor (SRM) in the single pulse control mode in high speed operation. The sensorless method uses the cross point position of transformer electromotive force (EMF) and motional back electromotive force (BEMF) to estimate the rotor position. The cross point position can be derived from the inductance model of SRM, and it is regarded as reference position.

Aggregation of SND1 in Stress Granules is Associated with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton During Heat Shock Stimulus.

Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic dense structures in the cytoplasm that form in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a type of RNA-binding protein and has been identified as a transcriptional co-activator. Our previous studies have shown that SND1 is a component of the stress granule, which forms under stress conditions.

Prenatal naled and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with deficits in infant motor function in a cohort of Chinese infants.

Background: Organophosphate insecticides (OPs) are used worldwide, yet despite nearly ubiquitous exposure in the general population, few have been studied outside the laboratory. Fetal brains undergo rapid growth and development, leaving them susceptible to long-term effects of neurotoxic OPs. The objective here was to investigate the extent to which prenatal exposure to OPs affects infant motor development.

Global scientific trends on exosome research during 2007-2016: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin, and they can be used for the diagnosis and the treatment. However, limited data were for the evaluation of the trend of exosome researches. This study aims to investigate the trend of exosome researches and compare the contribution of research from different regions, organizations and authors.

Human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles combined with low-dose irradiation: a new approach to enhance drug targeting in gastric cancer.

Cell membrane-derived nanoparticles are becoming more attractive because of their ability to mimic many features of their source cells. This study reports on a biomimetic delivery platform based on human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte membranes. In this system, the surface of poly-lactic--glycolic acid nanoparticles was camouflaged using T-lymphocyte membranes, and local low-dose irradiation (LDI) was used as a chemoattractant for nanoparticle targeting.

(+)-Thalianatriene and (-)-Retigeranin B Catalyzed by Sesterterpene Synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana.

Two GFPPS linked (+)-thalianatriene (1) and (-)-retigeranin B (2) sesterterpene synthase genes were identified from the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. 1 possesses an unprecedented 11-6-5 tricyclic ring system, while 2 contains a characteristic 5-5-5-6-5 pentacyclic ring system. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopy, chemical derivatization, and X-ray crystallography.

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of PD-1 on human T cells for adoptive cellular therapies of EBV positive gastric cancer.

The successful use of immune cell checkpoint inhibitors PD-1 and PD-L1, over the past 5 y has raised the concern of using immunotherapy to treat various cancers. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) exhibits high infiltration of lymphocytes and high amplification of immune-related genes including PD-L1 as distinguished from Epstein-Barr virus-non-associated gastric cancer (EBVnGC). Here, we presume that this PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may hinder the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy toward EBVaGC.

Mechanism of Intrinsic Chemiluminescence Production from the Degradation of Persistent Chlorinated Phenols by the Fenton System: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study and the Critical Role of Quinoid and Semiquinone Radical Intermediates.

We found recently that intrinsic chemiluminescence (CL) could be produced by all 19 chlorophenolic persistent organic pollutants during environmentally friendly advanced oxidation processes. However, the underlying mechanism for the structure-activity relationship (SAR, i.e.