Swine wastewater treatment using combined up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic membrane bioreactor: Performance and microbial community diversity.

To address the existing economic and environmental issues associated with swine wastewater (SW) treatment, a process combining up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was developed and continuously operated for 137 d. Bioreactor conversion and microbial community dynamics in reactors were analyzed. The UASB-AnMBR process yielded excellent pollutants removal efficiencies of 96% and 63% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorous (TP), respectively.

Tirucallane-type triterpenoids from Dysoxylum lenticellatum.

Ten new tirucallane-type triterpenoids, represented by a rearranged skeleton dysolenticin A (1), dysolenticin B (2), a rare trinortriterpenoid dysolenticin C (3), three tirucallane triterpenoid derivatives with a hemiketal moiety dysolenticins D-F (4-6), dysolenticins G-I (7, 9, 10), and the new alkaloid dysolenticin J (12), together with seven known analogues were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Dysoxylum lenticellatum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, and those of compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 10 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Dysolenticin J (12) showed significant vasodilative effects on intact rat aortic rings with a diastolic degree of 87.