Preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction using anesthetic drugs in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological system disorder in surgical patients. The choice of anesthetic can potentially reduce POCD. The authors performed this network meta-analysis to compare different anesthetic drugs in reducing the incidence of POCD for elderly people undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Incident Stroke Events in Clinical Trials of Antihypertensive Drugs in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Antihypertensive drugs are commonly used in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), less is known about the comparative effectiveness of different antihypertensive drugs on stroke events in CVD patients. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for randomized controlled trails comparing the different antihypertensive drugs for stroke events in CVD patients from inception until November, 2022. Pairwise and network meta-analysis were performed to compare of different antihypertensive drugs for the incidence of stroke events in CVD patients.

USP10 deubiquitinates Tau, mediating its aggregation.

Normal Tau promotes the assembly and stabilization of microtubules, thus, maintaining axon transport. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau aggregation causes it to lose these above-mentioned functions. However, the molecular mechanism leading to Tau aggregation in AD remains ambiguous.

Identification of a hippocampal lncRNA-regulating network in cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common underlying cause of many cognition-related neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction caused by CCH are not clear. Long non-coding RNA is involved in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function, but whether lncRNA is involved in cognitive dysfunction caused by CCH has not yet been reported.

mA RNA Methylation Regulators Contribute to Malignant Progression and Have Clinical Prognostic Impact in Gastric Cancer.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is the most common form of mRNA modification, and is dynamically regulated by the mA RNA methylation regulators. However, little is known about mA in gastric cancer. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of mA RNA methylation regulators in gastric cancer.

Tripchlorolide May Improve Spatial Cognition Dysfunction and Synaptic Plasticity after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common pathophysiological mechanism that underlies cognitive decline and degenerative processes in dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. Low cerebral blood flow (CBF) during CCH leads to disturbances in the homeostasis of hemodynamics and energy metabolism, which in turn results in oxidative stress, astroglia overactivation, and synaptic protein downregulation. These events contribute to synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction after CCH.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor is Involved in Spatial Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats After Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) affects the aging population and especially patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. CCH is closely related to the cognitive dysfunction in these diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP2R) mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the gut and in hippocampal neurons.

Luteolin Could Improve Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in cognition deficit following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Luteolin, a natural flavonoid found in many plants, is known for a variety of pharmacological activities, such as its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, urate, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. To assess whether luteolin could prevent CCH-induced cognitive dysfunction, through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative-stress effects, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, enzyme activity assays, behavioral methods, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology to detect neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, cognition alterations, and long-term potential (LTP), in a bilateral common carotid arteries ligation (2VO) rat model.

miR-132 Down-regulates Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) During Cognitive Dysfunction Following Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

Background: Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) is an important vascular risk factor for vascular-related dementia cognitive impairment and there are no effective measures for the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficit by CCH and the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Methyl cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) binding protein 2 (MeCP2), regulated by microRNA 132 (miR-132), is as a transcriptional repressor in high concentrations in the brain, which regulates the expression of synaptic proteins and neuroplasticity, and may be involved in the cognitive deficit after CCH. But no relevant studies have been reported.

Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb761 Attenuates Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced AD Like Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats.

Background: Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 has shown the neuroprotective effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the protection against the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. However, it is not completedly clear whether EGb761 attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation, another of the most prominent mechanisms underlying the pathology of AD.

Methods: we employed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) to mimic AD like pathological alterations and memory deficits in rats as model, and injected EGb761 with or after HHcy injection as prevention and treatment, injected saline as control.

Long noncoding RNA MEG3 activation of p53 mediates ischemic neuronal death in stroke.

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is suggested to function as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and to play roles in various human cancers. However, the functional properties of MEG3 in ischemic stroke remain unknown. Here, we report that expression of MEG3 is upregulated following ischemia in adult mice.

Novel multipotent AChEI-CCB attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced memory deficits and Neuropathologies in rats.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has multiple etiopathogenic factors, yet the definitive cause remains unclear and the therapeutic strategies have been elusive. Combination therapy, as one of the promising treatments, has been studied for years and may exert synergistic beneficial effects on AD through polytherapeutic targets. In this study, we tested the effects of a synthesized juxtaposition (named SCR1693) composed of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) and a calcium channel blocker (CCB) on the hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced AD rat model, and found that SCR1693 remarkably improved the HHcy-induced memory deficits and preserved dendrite morphologies as well as spine density by upregulating synapse-associated proteins PSD95 and synapsin-1.

Losartan-induced hypotension leads to tau hyperphosphorylation and memory deficit.

Recent studies have reported a correlation between dementia and low blood pressure. How hypotension is associated with the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Here we show that one month treatment of losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, causes chronic and sustained hypotension, along with oxidative stress in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.