Occurrence of Salmonella enterica in faecal sludge from Nigeria and genetic relatedness with strains associated with human infections in Africa.

Aims: This study investigated occurrence of Salmonella in faecal sludge from public toilets in Nigeria and genetic relatedness of strains that have been reported to cause human infection across Africa.

Methods And Results: The study collected 150 human sludge from public toilets and identified Salmonella through culture and PCR. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq.

Association between mealtime distribution of macronutrient and mental health in apparently healthy Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study.

Mental health (MH) disorders are one of the most prevalent global public health issues for a significant portion of the population. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mealtime distribution of macronutrients and MH in Iranian adults. We used a convenience sampling technique to perform this cross-sectional study.

The effect of consuming nuts on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Results from clinical trials investigating the effect of nuts consumption on cognition are conflicting. We decided to conduct the current meta-analysis to summarize all available evidence on the effect of consuming nuts on cognition scores.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in the online databases using relevant keywords up to June 2024.

Non-typhoidal in Nigeria: do outcomes of 'multisectoral' surveillance, treatment and control justify the intervention costs?

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is significant and an economic burden in Nigeria. To determine whether investment in NTS control is economically justifiable, Outbreak Costing Tool (OCT) was used to estimate the robust funding of public and animal health systems for epidemio-surveillance and control of multisectoral NTS outbreaks in Nigeria. Health, production, and economic data were collected and used to populate the tool for evaluation.

Dose-response association of obesity and risk of mental health among tehranian residents: result of a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity and mental health issues are two of the most prevalent global public health issues for a significant portion of people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity indicators and mental health in Tehran-dwelling Iranian adults.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on healthy Iranian adults using a convenience sampling technique.

Understanding the awareness of antimicrobial resistance amongst commercial poultry farmers in northwestern Nigeria.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and animals is a growing health threat worldwide. Significant quantities of antibiotics are used in the livestock production sector, particularly in poultry farming to enhance growth and productivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three states of northwestern Nigeria to understand the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of commercial poultry farmers on antimicrobial resistance.

Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of : exploring a traditional african medicinal plant.

(Pers.) Decne is a commonly used food source and prescribed as a traditional African medicine for treatment of various diseases, such as diabetes, skin disorders, wounds, and ulcers. However, quality control has become a bottleneck restricting the therapeutic development and utilization of this plant.

Synergistic action of vitamin D3 and A on motor activity regulation in mice model of extrapyramidal syndrome: Correlational insights into astrocyte regulation, cytokine modulation, and dopaminergic activity.

Background: Extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) represent neurological side effects of antipsychotic medications, characterized by motor disturbances. While previous studies have indicated the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D and A against EPS, the underlying mechanisms of this protection remain unclear.

Methods: Twenty-four adult mice were categorized into four groups: positive and negative control groups, one receiving a dopamine antagonist, and the other receiving both a dopamine antagonist and vitamins D and A.

Cost-effectiveness of One Health intervention to reduce risk of human exposure and infection with non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) in Nigeria.

Background: Non-typhoidal infection (NTS) is an important foodborne zoonosis with underappreciated health and economic burdens, and low case fatality. It has global prevalence, with more burdens in under-resourced countries with poor health infrastructures. Using a cohort study, we determined the cost-effectiveness of NTS in humans in Nigeria for the year 2020.

Comparative efficacy and safety of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for type 2 diabetes management: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Aims: To compare the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and grey literature sources to December 2022 for randomized trials of the impacts of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics in patients with T2D. We performed network meta-analyses with a Bayesian framework to calculate mean difference [MD] and 95 % credible interval [CrI] and rated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Correlates of minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women on antenatal care follow up at public health facility in Puntland, Somalia.

In Somalia, where a poorly diversified diet is leading to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, there is a significant dearth of evidence that needs to be studied. Hence, this study was to identify factors associated with minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women in Somalia. A facility-based survey was conducted among 361 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) using a structured questionnaire.

Serum 25(OH)D Concentration, Vitamin D Supplementation, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background: Evidence is uncertain about the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between vitamin D status and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We did a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science until May 2022.

Compression Characteristics and Fracture Simulation of Gluten Pellet.

Gluten pellets are readily broken on packaging and transportation. This study aimed to research mechanical properties (elastic modulus, compressive strength, failure energy) with different moisture contents and aspect ratios under different compressive directions. The mechanical properties were examined with a texture analyzer.

Histomorphological study of hepatic lobules of adult Wistar rats administered with aqueous extracts of leaves of .

Objectives: is widely used in northern Nigeria as an herb for the treatment of enamors ailments. Nevertheless the toxicity of the herb on liver architecture; the hepatic lobule and body weight is yet to be authenticated.

Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 150 g were randomly placed into four groups.

Plasma cell-derived mtDAMPs activate the macrophage STING pathway, promoting myeloma progression.

Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) include proteins, lipids, metabolites, and DNA and have various context-specific immunoregulatory functions. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is recognized via pattern recognition receptors and is a potent activator of the innate immune system. Cell-free mtDNA is elevated in the circulation of trauma patients and patients with cancer; however, the functional consequences of elevated mtDNA are largely undefined.

Effect of Avena sativa (Oats) on cognitive function: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aim: The effect of polyphenol-rich diets or supplements on cognitive function remains a contentious topic. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Avena sativa (oat extracts) on cognitive function among healthy adults.

Methods: A structured literature search was undertaken using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from the database's establishment until March 17, 2022.

Prevalence and whole genome phylogenetic analysis reveal genetic relatedness between antibiotic resistance Salmonella in hatchlings and older chickens from farms in Nigeria.

The presence of Salmonella in hatchlings is the single most important risk factor for the introduction of Salmonella into poultry farms, and resistant strains are particularly worrisome, as they could affect treatment outcomes in humans infected through consumption of contaminated poultry products. This study estimated Salmonella prevalence, determined resistance profiles of strains recovered from hatchlings in Nigeria, and determined genetic relatedness between hatchling strains and strains from poultry farms. In this study, 300 fecal samples were collected.

Comparative effectiveness of single foods and food groups on body weight: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 152 randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different foods or food groups on weight loss.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase to April 2021. We included randomized trials evaluating the comparative effects of two or more food groups, or compared a food group against a control group (usual diet, no intervention) for weight loss in adults.

Efficacy and safety of oral alpha-lipoic acid supplementation for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Objective: To examine the dose-dependent influence of oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design: We followed the instructions outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Handbook to conduct our systematic review. The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021260587).

Positive Association Between Nutrient Adequacy and Waist Circumference: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with its exact causes not completely clear. Micronutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium have been associated with MetS components. Our objective was to investigate the association of nutrient adequacy (NA) with MetS components.

Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges.

The use of antiviral COVID-19 medications can successfully inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and prevent disease progression to a more severe form. However, the timing of antiviral treatment plays a crucial role in this regard. Oral antiviral drugs provide an opportunity to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection without a need for hospital admission, easing the general burden that COVID-19 can have on the healthcare system.

Anemia and Associated Factors Among Under Five Year Old Children Who Attended Bule Hora General Hospital in West Guji zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Anemia is a major global public health public health problem in the early stages of childhood, particularly in developing countries. In Africa, anemia causes higher morbidity and mortality among children less than five years old, especially in Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under five years old attending Bule Hora General Hospital, West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia.

Assessment of anemia and associated risk factors among children under-five years old in the West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia: Hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Anemia adversely affects children's mental, physical and social development, particularly in Africa. In the early stages of life, it leads to severe negative consequences on the cognitive, growth and development of children.

Objective: This study aimed to assess anemia and associated risk factors among children under-five years old in the West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia, from October to November 2020.