Molecular changes in intraocular fluid: implications for myopia.

Myopia is the most common eye disease in the world which is caused by a mismatch between the optical power of the eye and its excessive axial length. Scleral remodeling, oxidative stress, inflammation, pathological states of angiogenesis and fibrosis and metabolism are closely associated with the onset and progression of myopia and the pathological changes that may ultimately result. Intraocular fluid is a collective term for the fluid within the eye, and changes in its composition can reflect the physiological and pathological status within the eye, with aqueous humor and vitreous being the commonly tested specimens.

A Decrease in Autophagy Increases the Level of Collagen Type I Expression in Scleral Fibroblasts.

Purpose: Autophagy dysregulation triggers extracellular matrix remodeling via changes in cellular collagen levels and protease secretion. However, the effect of autophagy on scleral extracellular matrix remodeling in the context of myopia is not fully understood. In this study, we measured the level of autophagy in sclera of form deprivation myopic guinea pigs; we also sought a correlation between the level of autophagy in human scleral fibroblasts and the extent of COL1A1 synthesis.

Lipid profile in the aqueous humor of patients with myopia.

We examined the lipid profiles in the aqueous humor (AH) of myopic patients to identify differences and investigate the relationships among dissertating lipids. Additionally, we assessed spherical equivalents and axial lengths to explore the pathogenesis of myopia. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the lipid composition of samples from myopic patients with axial lengths <26 mm (Group A) and >28 mm (Group B).

Clinical outcomes of a modified ophthalmic viscosurgical device-free implantable collamer lens implantation.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a modified dual-incision ophthalmic viscosurgical device-free (OVD-free) method for implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in high myopic eyes.

Methods: A total of 68 participants were enrolled in this prospective randomized clinical trial, including 33 in the OVD-free group and 35 in the standard group. Operation time and intraocular pressure (IOP) at 2 hours postoperatively were recorded.

Silicone oil as a corneal lubricant to reduce corneal edema and improve visualization during vitrectomy.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil (SO) as a corneal lubricant to improve visualization during vitrectomy.

Methods: Patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were divided into two groups. Group 1 was operated on with initial SO (Oxane 5700) as a corneal lubricant.

Changes in choroidal hemodynamics of form-deprivation myopia in Guinea pigs.

Purpose: We studied changes in the choroid, particularly variation in blood flow, during the development of myopia. The hemodynamic mechanism in play remains unclear. We evaluated blood flow by quantitating indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in a guinea pig model of form-deprivation myopia.

Association between inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress levels in aqueous humor with axial length in human myopia.

This study investigated the content of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress levels in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with high myopia (HM) and explored the relationship between these factors and the axial length (AL) of the eye, to explore the roles of mild intraocular inflammation and oxidative stress imbalance in the occurrence and development of myopia. AH samples from 40 patients (70 eyes) were collected during implantable collamer lens (ICL-V4c) surgery. The subjects were divided into three groups according to AL: group A (AL ≤ 26 mm), group B (26 < AL ≤ 28 mm), and group C (AL ≥ 28 mm).

MicroRNA Profiling in the Aqueous Humor of Keratoconus Eyes.

Purpose: To identify differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) in the aqueous humor (AH) of keratoconus (KC) eyes using next-generation sequencing and to explore whether DE miRNAs might play roles in KC pathophysiology.

Methods: The small RNAs in the AH of 15 KC eyes and 15 myopia eyes (the control group) were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Gene Oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment analyses were performed.

The immune-related role of beta-2-microglobulin in melanoma.

Despite the remarkable success of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma, resistance to these agents still affects patient prognosis and response to therapies. Beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), an important subunit of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, has important biological functions and roles in tumor immunity. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that B2M gene deficiency can inhibit MHC class I antigen presentation and lead to cancer immune evasion by affecting β2M expression.

Effects of low-concentration atropine eye drops on the optical quality of the eyes in myopic children.

Purpose: The present study was performed to compare the optical quality of the eyes of myopic children before and after treatment with atropine eye drops of different concentrations.

Methods: In the study population of 71 patients (131 eyes), 34 patients (63 eyes) were given 0.01% atropine eye drops and 37 patients (68 eyes) were given 0.

Artificial intelligence improves accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of a handheld infrared eccentric autorefractor for adult refractometry.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of a handheld infrared eccentric autorefractor (hICA) with artificial intelligence (AI) by comparing its refraction measurements to those recorded using hICA and a clinical table-mounted automatic refractor (TAR).

Methods: A cross-sectional study using three optometers, including hICA with or without AI and TAR, for refractometry of adults (aged 19-49 years old) with no signs of ocular disease or trauma in the absence of cycloplegia. Right and left eye refraction data were recorded, including the spherical equivalent (SE), diopter of spherical power (DS), diopter of cylindrical power (DC) decomposed into vectors J0 and J45, and measurement times.

Polyethyleneimine/hydrated titanium oxide-functionalized fibrous adsorbent for removing cobalt: Adsorption performance and irradiation stability.

Radionuclides of Co often encountered in the fields of radiation therapy, medical preparation, and equipment sterilization, which have been considered fatal. Therefore, developing efficient and irradiation-stable adsorbents for the removal of Co in wastewater is urgently needed. An irradiation-stable fibrous adsorbent was fabricated through the surface functionalization of collagen fibers (CFs) by polyethyleneimine (PEI) and hydrated titanium oxide (TiO) (PEI-TiO-CFs).

Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic Influencing Psychological Stress.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress. Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q).

MicroRNA-29a May Influence Myopia Development by Regulating Collagen I.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the regulatory role of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) in myopia, providing support for potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets of myopia in humans.

Methods: The miR-29a expression level was detected in the aqueous humor and peripheral blood plasma of 21 high myopic patients and eight cataract control patients using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. iTRAQ analysis of proteomes was conducted to show the regulatory effect of miR-29a on human scleral fibroblasts (SFs) cultured .

Relationship between Axial Length and Levels of TGF- in the Aqueous Humor and Plasma of Myopic Patients.

Purpose: To investigate the levels of transforming growth factor- (TGF-) in human aqueous humor (AH) and plasma (PL) of patients with myopia, and verify whether there is an association between these levels and their association with axial length (AL).

Methods: Thirty-eight myopic patients who received intraocular collamer lens (ICL) implantation were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into three groups based on AL with cut-off points of 26 and 28 mm.

Irradiation-stable hydrous titanium oxide-immobilized collagen fibers for uranium removal from radioactive wastewater.

Developing efficient adsorbents with radiation stability for uranium removal from nuclear wastewater is greatly important for resource sustainability and environmental safety in manufacturing nuclear fuel. A novel adsorbent of hydrous titanium oxide-immobilized collagen fibers (HTO/CFs) with good radiation stability for UO removal was developed. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of HTO/CFs for UO was 1.

Association between MMP/TIMP Levels in the Aqueous Humor and Plasma with Axial Lengths in Myopia Patients.

Purpose: The present study investigated the profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) of the aqueous humor (AH) and plasma (PL) in myopia patients, to determine whether there was an association between these levels with their axial length (AL) and to investigate if MMPs/TIMPs were regulated locally or systemically.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Thirty-nine patients (78 eyes) diagnosed with high myopia were recruited.

Optical Quality of Highly Myopic Eyes under Different Lighting Conditions and Other Relevant Parameters.

: To evaluate the optical quality of highly myopic eyes under light and dark conditions and correlate it with other relevant parameters. : A cross-sectional, observational study was performed on 180 eyes of 90 highly myopic patients (29 males and 61 females; mean age: 27.833 ± 0.

microRNA profiling in the aqueous humor of highly myopic eyes using next generation sequencing.

Purpose: To characterize microRNAs (miRNAs) and their possible roles in high myopia by using next generation sequencing.

Methods: Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 25 highly myopic eyes and 25 cataract eyes at the onset of surgery. miRNA next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed using RNA extracted from 30 samples.

Optical quality after posterior chamber Phakic implantation of an intraocular Lens with a central hole (V4c implantable Collamer Lens) under different lighting conditions.

Background: The current study compared optical quality before and after implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central hole [V4c implantable collamer lens (ICL)] under bright and dark lighting conditions by means of the Optical Quality Analysis System™ (OQAS; Visiometrics, Terrassa, Spain).

Methods: This prospective study involved 91 eyes of 46 consecutive high myopia patients (15 males and 31 females, average spherical equivalent - 10.50 ± 0.

AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD CLOT COVERING INSTEAD OF GAS TAMPONADE FOR MACULAR HOLES.

Purpose: This study evaluates the efficacy and usefulness of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and autologous blood clot covering without gas tamponade in the treatment of macular holes (MHs).

Methods: All patients with a full-thickness MH with a minimum diameter of <600 µm and a base diameter of <1,200 µm underwent pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling with autologous blood covering the MH at the end of the surgery. No fluid-air exchange or gas tamponade was performed.