Comprehensive evaluation of physio-morphological traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties under salt stress.

Salt is a major abiotic factor significantly affecting plant growth and development. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a crucial perennial crop for livestock feed, shows significant differences in salt tolerance among different varieties.

Cell-cell communication: new insights and clinical implications.

Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their behaviors through communication. Cell-cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth, development, differentiation, tissue and organ formation, maintenance, and physiological regulation. Cells communicate through direct contact or at a distance using ligand-receptor interactions.

Evaluation of different bermudagrass germplasm at physiological and molecular level under shade along longitudinal and latitudinal gradients.

Responses of turfgrass to shade vary in individual species, and the degree and quality of low light; therefore, the selection of low light tolerant cultivars of turfgrass is important and beneficial for turf management rather than other practices. The stolons of thirteen bermudagrass genotypes were planted with two treatments and three replications of each treatment to establish for one month in the Yangzhou University Jiangsu China greenhouse. The established plants were transferred outside of the greenhouse, and 50% shading was applied to them with a black net.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the antimony stress response of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic heavy metal that severely inhibits plant growth and development and threatens human health. Tall fescue, one of the most widely used grasses, has been reported to tolerate heavy metal stress. However, the adaptive mechanisms of Sb stress in tall fescue remain largely unknown.

Assessment of the changes in growth, photosynthetic traits and gene expression in Cynodon dactylon against drought stress.

Drought stress considered a key restrictive factor for a warm-season bermudagrass growth during summers in China. Genotypic variation against drought stress exists among bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.), but the selection of highly drought-tolerant germplasm is important for its growth in limited water regions and for future breeding.

Annotation and evaluation of base editing outcomes in multiple cell types using CRISPRbase.

CRISPR-Cas base editing (BE) system is a powerful tool to expand the scope and efficiency of genome editing with single-nucleotide resolution. The editing efficiency, product purity, and off-target effect differ among various BE systems. Herein, we developed CRISPRbase (http://crisprbase.

A Novel Beta-Glucosidase Gene for Plant Type Was Identified by Genome-Wide Association Study and Gene Co-Expression Analysis in Widespread Bermudagrass.

Bermudagrass ( spp.) is one of the most widely distributed warm-season grasses globally. The growth habits and plant type of bermudagrass are strongly associated with the applied purpose of the landscape, livestock, and eco-remediation.

Transcriptomic profiling revealed the role of 24-epibrassinolide in alleviating salt stress damage in tall fescue ().

Soil salinization is a major problem all over the world. The accumulation of salt in soil reduces the root water uptake and directly affects plant growth and metabolic activities. Brassinosteroid is a plant hormone that plays an important role in regulation of plant growth and physiological process, including promotion of cell expansion and elongation, signal transduction and stress response.

Physiological effects induced by aluminium and fluoride stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb).

Aluminium (Al) and fluoride (F) are phytotoxic elements that can inhibit plant growth and development. Al and F can react with each other to form complexes in the soil which will induce alteration of toxicity of single element. However, the mechanisms of plant response to aluminium fluoride induced toxicity are not very clear.

A Regulatory Network of Heat Shock Modules-Photosynthesis-Redox Systems in Response to Cold Stress Across a Latitudinal Gradient in Bermudagrass.

Bermudagrass ( Pers.) is a wild turfgrass with various genotypes and phenotypes. In this study, 16 wild bermudagrass germplasms were collected from 16 different sites along latitudinal gradients, and different temperature treatments were compiled and used for physiological and transcriptome analysis.

CdWRKY2-mediated sucrose biosynthesis and CBF-signalling pathways coordinately contribute to cold tolerance in bermudagrass.

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is one of the most widely cultivated warm-season turfgrass species around the world. Cold stress has been a key environmental factor that adversely affects the growth, development, and geographical distribution of bermudagrass; however, the underlying mechanism of bermudagrass responsive to cold stress remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified a cold-induced WRKY transcription factor CdWRKY2 from bermudagrass and demonstrated its function in cold stress response.

Non-linear genetic diversity and notable population differentiation caused by low gene flow of bermudagrass [ (L.) Pers.] along longitude gradients.

Background: Environmental variation related to ecological habitat is the main driver of plant adaptive divergence. Longitude plays an important role in the formation of plant population structure, indicating that environmental differentiation can significantly shape population structure.

Methods: Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were estimated using 105 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci.

The ethylene responsive factor CdERF1 from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) positively regulates cold tolerance.

Cold stress is one of the major environmental factors that limit growth and utilization of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers], a prominent warm-season turfgrass. However, the molecular mechanism of cold response in bermudagrass remains largely unknown.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Dark-Induced Senescence in Bermudagrass ().

Leaf senescence induced by prolonged light deficiency is inevitable whenever turfgrass is cultivated in forests, and this negatively influences the survival and aesthetic quality of the turfgrass. However, the mechanism underlying dark-induced senescence in turfgrass remained obscure. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze how genes were regulated in response to dark-induced leaf senescence in bermudagrass.

Salt-Induced Damage is Alleviated by Short-Term Pre-Cold Treatment in Bermudagrass ().

Excess salinity is a major environmental stress that limits growth and development of plants. Improving salt stress tolerance of plants is important in order to enhance land utilization and crop yield. Cold priming has been reported to trigger the protective processes in plants that increase their stress tolerance.

Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into the specialization of shoots and stolons in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.).

Background: Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important turfgrass species with two types of stems, shoots and stolons. Despite their importance in determining the morphological variance and plasticity of bermudagrass, the intrinsic differences between stolons and shoots are poorly understood.

Melatonin: A Multifunctional Factor in Plants.

Melatonin (-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a universal molecule that is present in animals and plants. It has been detected in different kinds of plants and organs in different levels. Melatonin in plants shares the same initial biosynthesis compound with auxin, and therefore functions as indole-3-acetic acid like hormones.

Melatonin Is Involved in Regulation of Bermudagrass Growth and Development and Response to Low K Stress.

Melatonin (-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays critical roles in plant growth and development and during the response to multiple abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in plant response to K deficiency remain largely unknown. In the present study, we observed that the endogenous melatonin contents in bermudagrass were remarkably increased by low K (LK) treatment, suggesting that melatonin was involved in bermudagrass response to LK stress.

Cotton GhERF38 gene is involved in plant response to salt/drought and ABA.

ERF (ethylene-responsive factor) transcription factors play important roles in plant stress signaling transduction pathways. However, their specific roles during diverse abiotic stresses tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum are largely unknown. Here, a novel ERF transcription factor, designated GhERF38, homologous to AtERF38 in Arabidopsis, was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L).

Photosynthesis, antioxidant system and gene expression of bermudagrass in response to low temperature and salt stress.

There is widespread distribution of salinized lands in northern China. Harnessing such land is essential to environmental health. Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.

Effect of Heavy Metals Pollution on Soil Microbial Diversity and Bermudagrass Genetic Variation.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious global environmental problem as it adversely affects plant growth and genetic variation. It also alters the composition and activity of soil microbial communities. The objectives of this study were to determine the soil microbial diversity, bermudagrass genetic variation in Cd contaminated or uncontaminated soils from Hunan province of China, and to evaluate Cd-tolerance of bermudagrass at different soils.

Differential Acclimation of Enzymatic Antioxidant Metabolism and Photosystem II Photochemistry in Tall Fescue under Drought and Heat and the Combined Stresses.

Quality inferiority in cool-season turfgrass due to drought, heat, and a combination of both stresses is predicted to be more prevalent in the future. Understanding the various response to heat and drought stress will assist in the selection and breeding of tolerant grass varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of antioxidant metabolism and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in two tall fescue genotypes (PI 234881 and PI 578718) with various thermotolerance capacities.

Comparative photosynthetic and metabolic analyses reveal mechanism of improved cold stress tolerance in bermudagrass by exogenous melatonin.

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been reported to participate in plant development and abiotic stress responses. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of melatonin in the cold-sensitive (S) and the cold-tolerant (T) bermudagrass genotypes' response to cold stress. The genotypes were treated with 100 μM melatonin and exposed to 4 °C temperature for 3 days.

Alleviation of cold damage to photosystem II and metabolisms by melatonin in Bermudagrass.

As a typical warm-season grass, Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L).Pers.] is widely applied in turf systems and animal husbandry.

Effects of ethylene on photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme activity in Bermuda grass under low temperature.

The phytohormone ethylene has been reported to mediate plant response to cold stress. However, it is still debated whether the effect of ethylene on plant response to cold stress is negative or positive. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of ethylene in the cold resistance of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L).