Risk assessment of developmental and neurotoxicity by the flavoring agent perillaldehyde: NAC (N-acetylcysteine) mitigation of oxidative stress-mediated inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway.

Perillaldehyde (PAE), a prevalent flavoring agent, has raised safety concerns due to conflicting evidence regarding its toxicity. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the developmental and neurotoxic effects of PAE in zebrafish, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of its toxicity. Results showed that PAE affected the viability and hatching rate of zebrafish at 96 h postfertilization with the 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) of 7.

The complete and fully-phased diploid genome of a male Han Chinese.

Since the release of the complete human genome, the priority of human genomic study has now been shifting towards closing gaps in ethnic diversity. Here, we present a fully phased and well-annotated diploid human genome from a Han Chinese male individual (CN1), in which the assemblies of both haploids achieve the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) level. Comparison of this diploid genome with the CHM13 haploid T2T genome revealed significant variations in the centromere.

Eighty million years of rapid evolution of the primate Y chromosome.

The Y chromosome usually plays a critical role in determining male sex and comprises sequence classes that have experienced unique evolutionary trajectories. Here we generated 19 new primate sex chromosome assemblies, analysed them with 10 existing assemblies and report rapid evolution of the Y chromosome across primates. The pseudoautosomal boundary has shifted at least six times during primate evolution, leading to the formation of a Simiiformes-specific evolutionary stratum and to the independent start of young strata in Catarrhini and Platyrrhini.

Comparative Genomics Reveals the Genetic Mechanisms of Musk Secretion and Adaptive Immunity in Chinese Forest Musk Deer.

The Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii; FMD) is an artiodactyl mammal and is both economically valuable and highly endangered. To investigate the genetic mechanisms of musk secretion and adaptive immunity in FMD, we compared its genome to nine other artiodactyl genomes. Comparative genomics demonstrated that eight positively selected genes (PSGs) in FMD were annotated in three KEGG pathways that were related to metabolic and synthetic activity of musk, similar to previous transcriptome studies.

Comparative genomics sheds light on the predatory lifestyle of accipitrids and owls.

Raptors are carnivorous birds including accipitrids (Accipitridae, Accipitriformes) and owls (Strigiformes), which are diurnal and nocturnal, respectively. To examine the evolutionary basis of adaptations to different light cycles and hunting behavior between accipitrids and owls, we de novo assembled besra (Accipiter virgatus, Accipitridae, Accipitriformes) and oriental scops owl (Otus sunia, Strigidae, Strigiformes) draft genomes. Comparative genomics demonstrated four PSGs (positively selected genes) (XRCC5, PRIMPOL, MDM2, and SIRT1) related to the response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in accipitrids, and one PSG (ALCAM) associated with retina development in owls, which was consistent with their respective diurnal/nocturnal predatory lifestyles.

The first draft genome of Lophophorus: A step forward for Phasianidae genomic diversity and conservation.

The monal genus (Lophophorus) is a branch of Phasianidae and its species inhabit the high-altitude mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Chinese monal, L. lhuysii, is a threatened endemic bird of China that possesses high-altitude adaptability, diversity of plumage color and potentially low reproductive life history.

The draft genome sequence of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii).

Background: The forest musk deer, Moschus berezovskii, is one of seven musk deer (Moschus spp.) and is distributed in Southwest China. Akin to other musk deer, the forest musk deer has been traditionally and is currently hunted for its musk (i.