CO-Releasing Polyoxometalates Nanozyme with Gut Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota Homeostasis Remodeling Effects for Restoring Intestinal Barrier Integrity.

Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, driven by imbalances in gut mucosal immunity and microbial homeostasis, is central to the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study introduces a CO-releasing polyoxometalates (POMs) nanozyme (PMC), synthesized by coordinating pentacarbonyl manganese bromide with molybdenum-based POM nanoclusters. PMC demonstrates targeted accumulation at IBD-affected sites, efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and responsive CO release, resulting in multiple therapeutic effects.

Unconventional magnons in collinear magnets dictated by spin space groups.

Magnonic systems provide a fertile playground for bosonic topology, for example, Dirac and Weyl magnons, leading to a variety of exotic phenomena such as charge-free topologically protected boundary modes, the magnon thermal Hall effect and the magnon spin Nernst effect. However, their understanding has been hindered by the absence of fundamental symmetry descriptions of magnetic geometries and spin Hamiltonians primarily governed by isotropic Heisenberg interactions. The ensuing magnon dispersions enable gapless magnon band nodes that go beyond the scenario of representation theory of the magnetic space groups, thus referred to as unconventional magnons.

Poncirin ameliorates alcoholic liver injury by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in a PPARα dependent manner.

Background: Poncirin (PO) is a citrus flavonoid with various of functional effect including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, colitis, cancer, et al. Considering the role of PO in improving inflammation and lipid metabolism, it may have potential therapeutic effects on alcoholic liver injury (ALI), but there are currently no relevant reports.

Purpose: Current study aimed to explore the protective effect of PO on preventing ALI.

Association between daily movement behaviors and optimal physical fitness of university students: a compositional data analysis.

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in university students, and based on the top 5% of model-predicted outcomes for PF to determine the optimal movement behaviors balance.

Methods: A total of 463 university students aged 15-24 years from Jinhua City wore accelerometers to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and sedentary behavior (SB). Sleep (SLP) was self-reported.

Plasmonic Ultrafast All-Optical Switching with a Superior On-Off Ratio.

Plasmonic ultrafast all-optical switching holds great promise for advancing next-generation optical communication and optical computing technologies. However, achieving subpicosecond all-optical switching with a high on-off ratio remains challenging due to the slow dynamics of electron-phonon scattering in plasmonic materials. Here, we report an innovative method that utilizes the negative signal induced by plasmonic excited hot electrons in the transient spectrum and the positive signal caused by hot electrons excited by off-resonant pumping, both designed at the same wavelength to effectively offset slow dynamics.

Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers.

Background: Vitiligo is a challenging chronic condition with unpredictable disease course and high propensity for relapse post-treatment. Recent studies have reported the biomarkers for disease activity, severity, and therapeutic response of vitiligo, yet very few have investigated cytokines as predictive biomarkers for disease recurrence in vitiligo. This study aims to explore cytokines that serve as biomarkers for disease recurrence and extend research on factors related to the disease's activity.

Assessing the quality and integrating the evidence and strength of recommendations in the guidelines for gastric precancerous lesions.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are intended to offer appropriate recommendations for clinical practice based on the available evidence while acknowledging existing gaps and uncertainties. The quality of CPGs for gastric precancerous lesions (GPL), distribution of evidence quality, and strength of recommendations are unknown.

Objective: Systematically evaluate the quality of CPGs for GPL and identify areas for improvement in the development process.

Electrically programmable pixelated coherent mid-infrared thermal emission.

Active metasurfaces have recently emerged as compact, lightweight, and efficient platforms for dynamic control of electromagnetic fields and optical responses. However, the complexities associated with their post-fabrication tunability significantly hinder their widespread applications, especially for the mid-infrared range due to material scarcity and design intricacy. Here, we experimentally demonstrate highly dynamic, pixelated modulations of coherent mid-infrared emission based on an electrically programmable plasmonic metasurface integrated with graphene field-effect transistors (Gr-FETs).

Synthesis and evolution of 16-membered macrolide carrimycin derivatives as a novel class of anti-HCoV-OC43 agents targeting viral FSE RNA.

We first demonstrate that carrimycin, as an antibiotic, shows broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity by targeting frameshifting element (FSE) RNA. Herein, taking carrimycin as the lead, 26 new 16-membered macrolides were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity against coronavirus strains. Compound 2d exhibited the elevated antiviral efficacy against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E with EC values of 0.

Recent Advances in Cationic Nanoemulsions for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Properties, and Applications.

Nanoemulsions have gained popularity as drug delivery vehicles owing to the enhanced solubility of insoluble drugs, the augmented stability of photo- and thermosensitive substances, and the facilitation of transdermal permeation of efficacy substances. As the cell surfaces of the skin, cornea, gastrointestinal mucosa, and other cells in living organisms carry negative charges, cationic nanoemulsions (CNE) mainly promote drug absorption through electrostatic effects. In this review, a brief characterization of CNEs is provided, and the types of cationic agents and their roles in nanoemulsions, including cationic surfactants, cationic lipids, cationic polymers, cationized polysaccharides, and phytosphingosine (PS), are discussed.

Excited state dynamics of a Bodipy derivative with a twisted molecular structure: Combined experimental and theoretical studies.

The photophysical properties of a boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy, BDP) derivative (BDP-SA) in which one F atom at the BDP core was replaced by an O atom and condensed with salicylaldehyde were investigated. This compound has a twisted molecular structure and unusually low fluorescence quantum yield (1% in toluene). No intersystem crossing was observed with a nanosecond transient absorption study.

Unraveling the Microenvironment and the Pathogenic Axis of HIF-1α-Visfatin-Fibrosis in Autoimmune Pancreatitis Using a Single-Cell Atlas.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is identified as a severe chronic immune-related disorder in pancreas, including two subtypes. In this study, pancreatic lesions in patients diagnosed as either type 1 AIP or type 2 AIP are examined, and these patients' peripheral blood at single-cell level. Furthermore, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and functional assays are performed to verify the identified cell subtypes.

Characterizing the microbiome recruited by the endangered plant in phosphorus-deficient acidic soil.

Phosphorus (P)-deficient soils serve as crucial habitats for endangered plant species. Microbiomes play pivotal roles in soil element cycling and in determining a plant's adaptability to the environment. However, the relationship between the endangered plant, microbiome, and soil stoichiometric traits, and how it affects plant adaption to P-deficient habitats remain largely unexplored.

Melatonin Enhances Maize Germination, Growth, and Salt Tolerance by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Antioxidant Systems.

Melatonin (MT) is a crucial hormone that controls and positively regulates plant growth under abiotic stress, but the biochemical and physiological processes of the combination of melatonin seed initiation and exogenous spray treatments and their effects on maize germination and seedling salt tolerance are not well understood. Consequently, in this research, we utilized the maize cultivars Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Demeiya 1 (DMY1), which are extensively marketed in northeastern China's high-latitude cold regions, to reveal the modulating effects of melatonin on maize salinity tolerance by determining the impacts of varying concentrations of melatonin on maize seedling growth characteristics, osmoregulation, antioxidant systems, and gene expression. The findings revealed that salt stress (100 mM NaCl) significantly inhibited maize seed germination and seedling development, which resulted in significant increases in the HO and O content and decreases in the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic pigment content in maize seedlings.

High-Performance Overall Water Splitting Dominated by Direct Ligand-to-Cluster Photoexcitation in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Expanding the spectral response of photocatalysts to facilitate overall water splitting (OWS) represents an effective approach for improving solar spectrum utilization efficiency. However, the majority of single-phase photocatalysts designed for OWS primarily respond to the ultraviolet region, which accounts for a small proportion of sunlight. Herein, we present a versatile strategy to achieve broad visible-light-responsive OWS photocatalysis dominated by direct ligand-to-cluster charge transfer (LCCT) within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Selective PDE4 Inhibitors for the Therapy of Pulmonary Injury.

Pulmonary inflammation is the main cause of lung injury. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a promising anti-inflammatory target for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Herein, we designed and synthesized 43 compounds in two novel series of benzimidazole derivatives as PDE4 inhibitors.

Deep learning approach based on a patch residual for pediatric supracondylar subtle fracture detection.

Supracondylar humerus fractures in children are among the most common elbow fractures in pediatrics. However, their diagnosis can be particularly challenging due to the anatomical characteristics and imaging features of the pediatric skeleton. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved notable success in medical image analysis, though their performance typically relies on large-scale, high-quality labeled datasets.

Optimal exercise dose on Body Mass Index (BMI) in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis.

Background: Exercise is widely used for obesity management, but the optimal doses of exercise for improving body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the dose‒response effects of various exercises on BMI in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Web of Science (Core Collection), PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials on relevant studies, covering literature up to July 2024.

Free fatty acid receptor 4 modulates dietary sugar preference via the gut microbiota.

Sugar preference is a key contributor to the overconsumption of sugar and the concomitant increase in the incidence of diabetes. However, the exact mechanism of its development remains ambiguous. Here we show that the expression of free fatty acid receptor Ffar4, a receptor for long-chain fatty acids, is decreased in patients and mouse models with diabetes, which is associated with high sugar intake.

Dual Strategies Based on Golgi Apparatus/Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting and Anchoring for High-Efficiency siRNA Delivery and Tumor RNAi Therapy.

Endolysosomal degradation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduces the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) delivered by nonviral systems. Leveraging Golgi apparatus/endoplasmic reticulum (Golgi/ER) transport can help siRNA bypass the endolysosomal degradation pathway, but this approach may also result in insufficient siRNA release and an increased risk of Golgi/ER-mediated exocytosis. To address these challenges, we developed two distinct strategies using a nanocomplex of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s and chondroitin sulfate, which enhances targeted internalization, Golgi transport, and rapid cytoplasmic release of loaded siRNA.

Improving fat globule structure to narrow metabolite gap between human milk and infant formulae.

We hypothesized that improving the fat globule structure of infant formulae based on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) would regulate metabolites and metabolic pathways, making it more similar to the metabolic properties of human milk. Therefore, we prepared infant formulae with different fat globule structures, including two model infant formulae (F1: fat globules surrounded by MFGM; F2: fat globules surrounded by protein) and one commercial infant formulae containing MFGM, and compared their metabolic differences with those of human milk. The number of differential metabolites between each sample and human milk reached 60 (F1), 132 (F2) and 126 (IF1).

Microdose Cocktail Study Reveals the Activity and Key Influencing Factors of OATP1B, P-Gp, BCRP, and CYP3A in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

OATP1B, P-gp, BCRP, and CYP3A are the most contributing drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters (DMETs) for commonly prescribed medication. Their activities may change in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with large inter-individual variabilities (IIVs), leading to altered substrate drug exposure and ultimately elevated safety risk. However, the changing extent and indictive influencing factors are not quantified so far.

Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 promotes the progression of liver fibrosis after HCV eradication with direct-acting antivirals.

Although therapies based on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) effectively eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients, there is still a high risk of liver fibrosis even after a sustained virological response. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to understand the mechanism of potential factors that promote liver fibrosis after virological cure by treatment with DAAs. Here, we found that tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (TINAGL1) is significantly increased in HCV-infected hepatocytes and in the liver of patients with liver fibrosis, and that higher TINAGL1 expression persists in HCV-eradicated hepatocytes after treatment with DAAs.