Photocatalytic conversion of copper (II) ions to metallic copper (0) on TiO nanoparticles.

Under the initiative of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), utilization of clean energy for metallurgy has emerged as a new trend in recent years. Precious metal ions with low chemical reactivity have been readily photoreduced, while active metal such as copper has been rarely reported. In this work, photocatalytic reduction of Cu(II) ions was investigated utilizing TiO nanoparticles as catalyst.

Short-Term Low-Temperature Storage and Cryopreservation of Qihe Crucian Carp () Sperm.

Qihe crucian carp is one of the major economic aquacultural fish species in China. Due to environmental degradation and the impact of the reproduction mode of gynogenesis, the wild population of Qihe crucian carp exhibits an extremely low proportion of males. Therefore, it is imperative to develop the sperm preservation technology for Qihe crucian carp.

Recyclable Amphiphilic Magnetic-responsive Mixed-Shell Nanoparticles With High Interfacial Activity Comparable to Janus Particles for Oily Water Purification.

Amphiphilic magnetic-responsive mixed-shell nanoparticles (Mag-MSNPs) with tailorable compositions are synthesized by electrostatic-mediated cross-linking of core-forming blocks of two diblock copolymers, followed by in situ growth of magnetite in the cross-linked core. The Mag-MSNPs have a magnetic-responsive core and hydrophilic/lipophilic mixed shells, firmly anchoring at the oil-water interface of emulsified oil droplets due to their high interfacial activity (13.1 mN m at a rather low emulsifier concentration of 1.

Lewis Acid Regulation Strategy for Constructing D-A-A Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photocatalytic Organic Conversion.

Owing to their excellent photoelectric properties, donor-acceptor (D-A) type photocatalytic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted significant research interest in recent years. However, the limited D-A structural units of existing COFs restrict the development of novel and efficient photocatalytic COF materials. To solve this problem, we developed a series of D-A-A-type COFs utilizing a Lewis acid regulation strategy, in which Lewis acids act as the coordination centers, and pyridine and cyano groups act as ligands.

Salinity influence correction for zinc ion seawater quality criteria and ecological risk assessment in Chinese seas.

The increasing prevalence of zinc pollution in marine ecosystems, primarily from industrial sources, has become a global environmental concern. This study addresses zinc toxicity in Chinese coastal waters, emphasizing the importance of considering environmental factors like salinity and temperature in establishing water quality criteria (WQC). Data collected from various marine regions underwent meticulous analysis, incorporating salinity corrections to derive more precise criteria values.

Stably Grafting Polymer Brushes on Both Active and Inert Surfaces Using Tadpole-Like Single-Chain Particles with an Interactive "Head".

We report a "grafting to" method for stably grafting high-molecular-weight polymer brushes on both active and inert surfaces using tadpole-like single-chain particles (TSCPs) with an interactive "head" as grafting units. The TSCPs can be efficiently synthesized through intrachain cross-linking one block of a diblock copolymer; the "head" is the intrachain cross-linked single-chain particle, and the "tail" is a linear polymer chain that has a contour length up to micrometers. When grafted to a surface, the "head", integrating numerous interacting groups, can synergize multiple weak interactions with the surface, thereby enabling stable grafting of the "tail" on both active and traditionally challenging inert surfaces.

Spatiotemporal pattern and suitable areas analysis of equine influenza in global scale (2005-2022).

Equine influenza (EI) is a severe infectious disease that causes huge economic losses to the horse industry. Spatial epidemiology technology can explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and occurrence risks of infectious diseases, it has played an important role in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases in humans and animals. For the first time, this study conducted a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of EI using SaTScan software and investigated the important environmental variables and suitable areas for EI occurrence using the Maxent model.

Revealing microbial diversity in buffalo milk with high somatic cell counts: implications for mastitis diagnosis and treatment.

Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that threatens the health of dairy animals. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used to monitor mastitis. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of microorganisms in buffalo milk with high somatic cell count (SCC ≥ 3 × 10 cells/mL, n = 30) and low somatic cell count (SCC ≤ 5 × 10 cells/mL, n = 10), and identify the dominant bacteria that cause mastitis in a local buffalo farm.

From antioxidant defense to genotoxicity: Deciphering the tissue-specific impact of AgNPs on marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum.

The escalating use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) across various sectors for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial capabilities, has raised concern over their potential ecotoxicological effects on aquatic life. This study explores the impact of AgNPs (50 μg/L) on the marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum, with a particular focus on its gills and digestive glands. We adopted an integrated approach that combined in vivo exposure, biochemical assays, and transcriptomic analysis to evaluate the toxicity of AgNPs.

Molecular Insights into Water-Chloride and Water-Water Interactions in the Supramolecular Architecture of Aconine Hydrochloride Dihydrate.

Despite the previous preparation of aconine hydrochloride monohydrate (AHM), accurate determination of the crystal's composition was hindered by severely disordered water molecules within the crystal. In this study, we successfully prepared a new dihydrate form of the aconine hydrochloride [CHNOCl·2(HO), aconine hydrochloride dihydrate (AHD)] and accurately refined all water molecules within the AHD crystal. Our objective is to elucidate both water-chloride and water-water interactions in the AHD crystal.

Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions in Aquatic Life Criteria Research in China.

Aquatic life criteria (ALC) serve as the scientific foundation for establishing water quality standards, and in China, significant strides have been made in the development of freshwater ALC. This comprehensive review traces the evolution of China's WQC, focusing on the methodological advancements and challenges in priority pollutants selection, test organism screening, and standardized ecotoxicity testing protocols. It also provides a critical evaluation of quality assurance measures, data validation techniques, and minimum data requirements essential for ALC assessments.

Seawater quality criteria and ecotoxicity risk assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles based on data of resident marine organisms in China.

Water quality criteria (WQC) for zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are crucial due to their extensive industrial use and potential threats to marine organisms. This study conducted toxicity tests using marine organisms in China, revealing LC or EC values for ZnO NPs ranging from 0.36 to 95.

Therapeutic effect of demethylated hydroxylated phillygenin derivative on infection.

Modifying and transforming natural antibacterial products is a novel idea for developing new efficacious compounds. Phillygenin has an inhibitory effect on . The aim of the present study was to prepare a phillygenin derivative (PHI-Der) through demethylation and hydroxylation.

BanXiaXieXin decoction treating gastritis mice with drug-resistant and its mechanism.

Background: () is the main pathogen that causes a variety of upper digestive diseases. The drug resistance rate of is increasingly higher, and the eradication rate is increasingly lower. The antimicrobial resistance of is an urgent global problem.

The F-box protein OsEBF2 confers the resistance to the brown planthopper (Nilparvata lugens Stål).

The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is a piercing-sucking insect pest specific to rice plants and may cause severe declines in rice yields. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical application value to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rice resistance to BPH. Previous studies have shown that an ethylene (ET) signaling pathway gene, OsEBF1, positively regulates BPH resistance in rice.

Probing electrical properties of individual carbon nanotubes filled with FeC nanowires.

The electrical properties of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled with FeC nanowires (Fe-CNTs) grown by chemical vapor deposition were investigated. The individual Fe-CNTs were measured by two-probe configuration in a scanning electron microscope, in which one probe was used to contact one end of the nanotubes and the other varied its contact position to measure the resistance along the Fe-CNTs. The data suggest that the ferromagnetic nanowires and the CNTs were well connected into a conduction network, and the resistance of the individual Fe-CNTs decreased as the filling rate increased.

Correlation between hepatic oxidative damage and clinical severity and mitochondrial gene sequencing results in biliary atresia.

Aim: To assess the level of hepatic oxidative damage and its correlation with clinical severity in biliary atresia (BA), and to understand BA mitochondrial gene sequencing.

Methods: Forty-eight BA patients and 28 control subjects (20 hepatoblastoma and 8 cholestasis patients) were enrolled. Hepatic oxidative damage was assessed by the expression of oxidation and antioxidant genes, and the correlation between oxidative damage and BA incidence, liver inflammation, and fibrosis was evaluated.

An -like factor is associated with the origin of two domesticated varieties in (Orchidaceae).

has been artificially domesticated for centuries in Asia, which produced numerous cultivated varieties. Flowers with stamenoid tepals or those with multiple tepals have been found in different species of ; however, the molecular basis controlling the formation of these phenotypes is still largely unknown. Previous work demonstrated that lineage MADS genes function in floral meristem determinacy as well as in reproductive organs development in both dicots and monocots, indicating a possible relationship with the origin of two flower varieties in .

Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals the Origin of Peloria in Chinese Cymbidium (Cymbidium sinense).

An orchid flower exhibits a zygomorphic corolla with a well-differentiated labellum. In Cymbidium sinense, many varieties with peloric or pseudopeloric flowers have been bred during centuries of domestication. However, little is known about the molecular basis controlling orchid floral zygomorphy and the origin of these varieties.

The efficacy of placebo-adjusted taspoglutide on body weight reduction in clinical trials.

Taspoglutide has elicited a long-lasting glycemic control effect with favorable body weight loss. The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative model to delineate the net efficacy of taspoglutide on body weight (WT) loss from the response of placebo in type 2 diabetes patients, and further find pharmacodynamic potency of taspoglutide for half of maximum reduction response of WT. Several PD data about taspoglutide treatments for type 2 diabetes patients were digitalized from the published papers.

Target-mediated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model based meta-analysis and dosing regimen optimization of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A hybrid pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model with extended-release (ER) process and target mediated drug disposition (TMDD) was developed for exenatide ER to account for its complex absorption process and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R)-mediated non-linear PK behaviors along with its influences to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using hybrid PK/PD model, simulations were done to explore the potential dosing regimens which could achieve likelihood of more pharmacodynamic exposure with respect to FPG and HbA1c over a much shorter period compared with the currently used treatment protocol. The mean PK/PD data about exenatide ER for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were digitized from the publications, and the hybrid PK/PD model was performed using the Monolix 4.