Myogenic exosome miR-140-5p modulates skeletal muscle regeneration and injury repair by regulating muscle satellite cells.

Muscle satellite cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle injuries. Previous studies have shown that myogenic exosomes can enhance satellite cell proliferation, while the expression of miR-140-5p is significantly reduced during the repair process of mouse skeletal muscle injuries induced by BaCl2. This study aims to investigate the potential of myogenic exosomes carrying miR-140-5p inhibitors to activate SCs and influence the regeneration of injured muscles.

Oleanolic acid alleviates obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpene with reported protective effects against various diseases, including diabetes, hepatitis, and different cancers. However, the effects of OA on obesity-induced muscle atrophy remain largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of OA on skeletal muscle production and proliferation of C2C12 cells.

Novel gene re-arrangement in the mitochondrial genome of (Anomura, Galatheoidea, Porcellanidae) and phylogenetic associations in Anomura.

To improve the taxonomy and systematics of Porcellanidae within the evolution of Anomura, we describe the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) sequence of , which is 15,344 bp in size, contains the entire set of 37 genes and has an AT-rich region. Compared with the pancrustacean ground pattern, at least five gene clusters (or genes) are significantly different with the typical genes, involving eleven tRNA genes and four PCGs and the tandem duplication/random loss and recombination models were used to explain the observed large-scale gene re-arrangements. The phylogenetic results showed that all Porcellanidae species clustered together as a group with well nodal support.

Exercise-inducible circulating extracellular vesicle irisin promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue.

Aim: Exercise can reduce body weight and promote white fat browning, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a hormone released from exercising muscle, in the browning of white fat in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Methods: Mice were subjected to a 4 weeks of running table exercise, and fat browning was analyzed via histology, protein blotting and qPCR.

Engineering of Multivalent Membrane-Anchored DNA Frameworks for Precise Profiling of Variable Membrane Permeability During Reversible Electroporation.

Electroporation techniques have emerged as attractive tools for intracellular delivery, rendering promising prospects towards clinical therapies. Transient disruption of membrane permeability is the critical process for efficient electroporation-based cargo delivery. However, smart nanotools for precise characterization of transient membrane changes induced by strong electric pulses are extremely limited.

Trends in confinement-induced cell migration and multi-omics analysis.

Cell migration is an essential manner of different cell lines that are involved in embryological development, immune responses, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in vivo. Physical confinement derived from crowded tissue microenvironments has pivotal effects on migratory behaviors. Distinct migration modes under a heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM) have been extensively studied, uncovering potential molecular mechanisms involving a series of biological processes.

A bimodal nomogram as an adjunct tool to reduce unnecessary breast biopsy following discordant ultrasonic and mammographic BI-RADS assessment.

Objective: To develop a bimodal nomogram to reduce unnecessary biopsies in breast lesions with discordant ultrasound (US) and mammography (MG) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessments.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 706 women following opportunistic screening or diagnosis with discordant US and MG BI-RADS assessments (where one assessed a lesion as BI-RADS 4 or 5, while the other assessed the same lesion as BI-RADS 0, 2, or 3) from two medical centres between June 2019 and June 2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop the nomogram.

Nanoarray Enabled Size-Dependent Isolation and Proteomics Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations toward Accurate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as noninvasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy due to their significant function in pathology and physiology. However, the phenotypic heterogeneity of sEVs presents a significant challenge to their study and has significant implications for their applications in liquid biopsies. In this study, anodic aluminum oxide films with different pore sizes (AAO nanoarray) were introduced to enable size-based isolation and downstream proteomics profiling of sEV subpopulations.

Vaccinia virus induces EMT-like transformation and RhoA-mediated mesenchymal migration.

The emerging outbreak of monkeypox is closely associated with the viral infection and spreading, threatening global public health. Virus-induced cell migration facilitates viral transmission. However, the mechanism underlying this type of cell migration remains unclear.

MiR-222-3p suppresses C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation via the inhibition of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway.

Numerous studies have revealed the profound impact of microRNAs on regulating skeletal muscle development and regeneration. However, the biological function and regulation mechanism of miR-222-3p in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. In this study, miR-222-3p was found to be abundantly expressed in the impaired skeletal muscles, indicating that it might have function in the development and regeneration process of the skeletal muscle.

Endurance Exercise-Induced Fgf21 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Fiber Conversion through TGF-β1 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Fgf21 has been identified as playing a regulatory role in muscle growth and function. Although the mechanisms through which endurance training regulates skeletal muscle have been widely studied, the contribution of Fgf21 remains poorly understood. Here, muscle size and function were measured, and markers of fiber type were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, or qPCR in endurance-exercise-trained wild-type and KO mice.

Assessing the Impact of Microplastic Filaments Contaminated with PAHs on Larvae through Surface Contact.

In recent years, microplastics have been of great concern in environmental and health research. In field surgeries and laboratory investigations, research interests were focused on the retention of microplastics inside of animals by ingestion and the series of negative effects after that. However, such large plastic debris and filaments are hardly eaten by small animals, like zooplankton, planktonic larvae, etc.

Temporal proteomic profiling reveals functional pathways in vaccinia virus-induced cell migration.

Introduction: Viral diseases have always been intricate and persistent issues throughout the world and there is a lack of holistic discoveries regarding the molecular dysregulations of virus-host interactions. The temporal proteomics strategy can identify various differentially expressed proteins and offer collaborated interaction networks under pathological conditions.

Method: Herein, temporal proteomics at various hours post infection of Vero cells were launched to uncover molecular alternations during vaccinia virus (VACV)-induced cell migration.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Brachyura: Pilumnidae), Novel Gene Rearrangements, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Brachyura.

is a crab that belongs to Pilumnidae, Brachyura. Although many recent studies have focused on the phylogeny of Brachyura, the internal relationships in this clade are far from settled. In this study, the complete mitogenome of was sequenced and annotated for the first time.

Myoblast-derived exosomes promote the repair and regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in mice.

When skeletal muscle is damaged, satellite cells (SCs) are activated to proliferate rapidly and fuse with the damaged muscle fibers to form new muscle fibers, thereby promoting muscle growth and remodeling and repair of trauma. Exosomes from differentiating human skeletal muscle cells trigger myogenesis of stem cells and provide biochemical cues for skeletal muscle regeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that, when muscles are injured, myoblast-derived exosomes may regulate muscle repair and regeneration.

microRNA-140 Regulates PDGFRα and Is Involved in Adipocyte Differentiation.

In recent years, the studies of the role of microRNAs in adipogenesis and adipocyte development and the corresponding molecular mechanisms have received great attention. In this work, we investigated the function of miR-140 in the process of adipogenesis and the molecular pathways involved, and we found that adipogenic treatment promoted the miR-140-5p RNA level in preadipocytes. Over-expression of miR-140-5p in preadipocytes accelerated lipogenesis along with adipogenic differentiation by transcriptional modulation of adipogenesis-linked genes.

The mitochondrial genome of Grapsus albolineatus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) and phylogenetic associations in Brachyura.

Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can provide useful information for phylogenetic relationships, gene rearrangement, and evolutionary traits. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the herbivorous crab Grapsus albolineatus. It is a typical metazoan mitochondrial genome.

FOXO1 Is a Critical Switch Molecule for Autophagy and Apoptosis of Sow Endometrial Epithelial Cells Caused by Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in various reproductive diseases and can induce autophagy and apoptosis, which determine the different fates of cells. However, the sequence and the switch mechanism between autophagy and apoptosis are unclear. Here, we reported that chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced OS (decreased T-AOC, T-SOD, CAT and GSH-Px and increased MDA) and then disturbed the endocrine environment of sows during early pregnancy, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes.

MALDI-TOF MS and Magnetic Beads for Rapid Seafood Allergen Tests.

We developed a strategy using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to test seafood allergens. The protocol employed commercial magnetic beads (MBs) functionalized with anti-human IgE antibodies to carry out the IMS of IgEs in blood samples, followed by capture of allergens from seafood protein extracts for allergy analysis. After elution, the captured allergens were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC-MS/MS.

Micro-polyethylene particles reduce the toxicity of nano zinc oxide in marine microalgae by adsorption.

Contaminant adsorption by microplastics (MPs) allows them to act as contaminant vehicles or vectors, complicating eco-toxicological study of MPs. The contaminants adsorbed are mainly organic contaminants, especially hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), although heavy-metal adsorption has also been reported. Compared to the mechanisms of HOC adsorption, those for metals are not fully understood.

Exploration of the potential roles of m6A regulators in the uterus in pregnancy and infertility.

Infertility is a prevalent female reproductive disease worldwide. Currently, there are many unknown etiologies of infertility. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification of eukaryotic mRNA.

The Role of the FOXO1/β-AR/p-NF-κB p65 Pathway in the Development of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Pregnant Mice under Restraint Stress.

Restraint stress causes various maternal diseases during pregnancy. β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) and Forkhead transcription factor class O 1 (FOXO1) are critical factors not only in stress, but also in reproduction. However, the role of FOXO1 in restraint stress, causing changes in the β-AR pathway in pregnant mice, has been unclear.