Synthesis of Hexafluoroisopropyl Aryl Ethers via Dual Photoredox/Nickel-Catalyzed C-O Coupling.

Herein we report a photoredox/nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl bromides with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol for the construction of hexafluoroisopropyl aryl ethers. The mild reaction conditions employed allow for the applicability of a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl bromides. Late-stage functionalization and preliminary mechanistic studies have been demonstrated.

-Trifluoromethyltetrafluorosulfanyl Chloride: Selective Synthesis and Reaction with Diazo Compounds.

-Trifluoromethyltetrafluorosulfanyl chloride (-CFSFCl) is a unique reagent for the incorporation of the CFSF group into organic compounds. However, CFSFCl was prepared from hazardous reagents or formed as mixture of and isomers in low yield. Herein, a silver-promoted selective synthesis of -CFSFCl under safe gas-reagent-free conditions is described.

Three-Component Reaction of Pentafluorosulfanyl Chloride, Alkenes and Diazo Compounds and Synthesis of Pentafluorosulfanylfurans.

We report herein the three-component radical addition reaction of SF Cl, alkene and diazo compounds for the selective formation of α-alkyl-α-SF carbonyl compounds. The three-component addition reaction proceeded through the first reaction of SF radical with the diazo compound followed by the addition of the in situ generated carbon radical to alkene. The synthetic useful α-allyl-α-SF carbonyl compounds were successfully prepared when allyl trimethylsilanes were used as the alkene substrates.

Chemoselective Hydro(Chloro)pentafluorosulfanylation of Diazo Compounds with Pentafluorosulfanyl Chloride.

Pentafluorosulfanyl chloride (SF Cl) is the most prevalent reagent for the incorporation of SF group into organic compounds. However, the preparation of SF Cl often relies on hazardous reagents and specialized apparatus. Herein, we described a safe and practical synthesis of a bench-stable and easy-to-handle solution of SF Cl in n-hexane under gas-reagent-free conditions.

Rh(II)/Ag(I)-Cocatalyzed Three-Component Reaction S1/S1'-Type Trapping of Oxonium Ylide with the Nicholas Intermediate.

A Rh(II)/Ag(I)-cocatalyzed three-component reaction of propargylic alcohol-Co(CO) complexes with diazo compounds and benzyl alcohols is described, which represents the first trapping process of oxonium ylides with carbocations the S1/S1'-type pathway. This transformation provides an efficient approach for construction of dicobalt hexacarbonyl-complexed 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles. Further derivatization of the product, initiated by the deprivation of the dicobalt species, gives the 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles with the ene alkynyl group and the privileged spirooxindole-vinyldihydropyran structure.

Co-activation of selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is required to reverse beta amyloid-induced Ca hyperexcitation.

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hippocampal network hyperexcitability in the early stages of the disease leads to increased epileptiform activity and eventually cognitive decline. We found that acute application of 250 nM soluble Aβ42 oligomers increased Ca activity in hippocampal neurons in parallel with a significant decrease in activity in Aβ42-treated interneurons.

Distinct Roles of GluA2-lacking AMPA Receptor Expression in Dopamine D1 or D2 Receptor Neurons in Animal Behavior.

Dopaminergic signaling in the central nervous system regulates several aspects of animal behavior. In the dopaminergic circuits, there are two classes of neurons that can be differentiated by their expression of dopamine receptors, D1 or D2 receptors (D1Rs or D2Rs). Notably, Ca-permeable GluA2-lacking glutamate AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) are important for gating synaptic plasticity and gene expression in neurons, and their expression particularly in the striatum affects various forms of animal behavior.

HIV induces synaptic hyperexcitation via cGMP-dependent protein kinase II activation in the FIV infection model.

Over half of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs), yet the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal dysfunction are poorly understood. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) naturally infects cats and shares its structure, cell tropism, and pathology with HIV, including wide-ranging neurological deficits. We employ FIV as a model to elucidate the molecular pathways underlying HIV-induced neuronal dysfunction, in particular, synaptic alteration.

Enantioselective Trapping of Oxonium Ylides by 3-Hydroxyisoindolinones via a Formal S1 Pathway for Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters.

An enantioselective Rh(II)/chiral phosphoric acid co-catalyzed three-component reaction via trapping of oxonium ylides with 3-hydroxyisoindolinones by a formal S1 pathway is described. This reaction allows for the efficient synthesis of isoindolinone derivatives with two contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields (up to 93%) with excellent enantioselectivities and moderate diastereoselectivities under mild reaction conditions.

Sucrose withdrawal induces depression and anxiety-like behavior by Kir2.1 upregulation in the nucleus accumbens.

Dieting induces depression and anxiety among other emotional symptoms. Animal models indicate that repeated access to palatable foods such as sugar induces depression and anxiety-like behavior when the food is no longer available. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how dietary restriction influences mood have not been fully understood.