Protective effect of ginseng berry saponin conversion products on skin photodamage caused by UVB in vitro and in vivo.

Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation is closely related to skin aging and skin damage. Here, we report the photoprotective mechanism of action of ginseng berry rare saponins (GFRS) on UVB-induced damage to human keratinocytes and mouse skin. Several UVB irradiation-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses were assessed.

Ginseng fruit rare saponins (GFRS) improved inflammatory response: In vitro and in vivo assessment.

Inflammation is the body's protective immune response to tissue damage. Ginseng has a long history of medicinal use, and its active ingredient ginsenosides have anti-inflammatory effects. Ginseng fruit rare saponins (GFRS) is a transformation product of ginseng saponins and rich in a variety of rare saponins.

Melanin resistance of heat-processed ginsenosides from Panax ginseng berry treated with citric acid through autophagy pathway.

GFRS is the conversion product of Panax ginseng Meyer berry after citric acid heat treatment, which is rich in rare ginsenosides. However, the anti-melanin role of GFRS in the regulation of skin pigmentation and its material basis remains unclear. To compare the anti-melanin activity before and after citric acid heat treatment, we determined the effects of GFS and GFRS on tyrosinase activity and melanin lever under α-MSH stimulation and found the potential anti-melanin effect of GFRS.