Study on Effect of Different Pulses of rTMS on Visual Working Memory in Elderly With SCD.

Previous research has shown that rTMS improves visual working memory (VWM) performance in older people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, the influence of stimulation parameters on the effect is unclear. We focus on the total number of stimulus pulses and aim to investigate whether 10 Hz rTMS with different total pulses could have different effects on VWM in SCD subjects.

Autonomous Mission Planning for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Multiscenario Reconnaissance.

Before a fixed-wing UAV executes target tracking missions, it is essential to identify targets through reconnaissance mission areas using onboard payloads. This paper presents an autonomous mission planning method designed for such reconnaissance operations, enabling effective target identification prior to tracking. Existing planning methods primarily focus on flight performance, energy consumption, and obstacle avoidance, with less attention to integrating payload.

Conserved Nuclear Localization Signal in NS2 Protein of Bombyx Mori Bidensovirus: A Potential Invertebrate ssDNA Virus Trait.

Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV), a significant pathogen in the sericulture industry, holds a unique taxonomic position due to its distinct segmented single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome and the presence of a self-encoding DNA polymerase. However, the functions of viral non-structural proteins, such as NS2, remain unknown. This protein is hypothesized to play a role in viral replication and pathogenesis.

Enantioselective Trifluoromethylazidation of Styrenyl Olefins Catalyzed by an Engineered Nonheme Iron Enzyme.

Organofluorines, particularly those containing trifluoromethyl (CF) groups, play a critical role in medicinal chemistry. While trifluoromethylation of alkenes provides a powerful synthetic route to construct CF-containing compounds with broad structural and functional diversity, achieving enantioselective control in these reactions remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we engineered a nonheme iron enzyme, quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsQueD), for the enantioselective trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes.

Advances in Structural Types and Pharmacochemistry of CDK12 Inhibitors.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) 12 is a member of the 20-membered CDK family (CDK1-20) and plays a vital role in regulating gene transcription, mRNA splicing, translation, cell cycle, and repair of DNA damage. CDK12 is an emerging therapeutic target due to its role in regulating the transcription of DNA Damage Response (DDR) genes in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK). However, the development of selective small molecules targeting CDK12 has been challenging due to the high degree of homology between kinase domains of CDK12 and other transcriptional CDKs, most notably CDK13.

The impact of dietary metabolizable energy levels on the performance of medium-sized geese: A systematic review.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy levels on various performance indicators of medium-sized geese, with the goal of predicting the optimal range of these energy levels. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases, including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, covering the period from January 1, 2000, to July 1, 2024. The gathered studies focused on the impact of dietary metabolizable energy levels on the production performance of medium-sized geese.

Construction of a prediction model for Alzheimer's disease using an AI-driven eye-tracking task on mobile devices.

Background: Eye-movement can reflect cognition and provide information on the neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The high cost and limited accessibility of eye-movement recordings have hindered their use in clinics.

Aims: We aim to develop an AI-driven eye-tracking tool for assessing AD using mobile devices with embedded cameras.

β-fructofuranosidase regulation in silkworm silk gland development: Implications for silk gland morphogenesis and silk production.

This study investigates the impact of β-fructofuranosidase (Bmsuc1) on the development of the silk gland in silkworms (Bombyx mori). Previous research shows that Bmsuc1 is highly expressed in the silk glands and may be involved in silk gland development and protein synthesis. However, the precise mechanism by which Bmsuc1 regulates silk gland development remains unclear.

Determining priority control factors for heavy metal management in urban road dust based on source-oriented probabilistic ecological-health risk assessment: A study in Xi'an during peak pollution season.

Urban road dust (URD) is essential for transporting heavy metals (HMs), which can be a major danger to both the environment and human health. Moreover, URD has the potential to be carried into bodies of water, leading to contamination of the aquatic ecosystem. A study was conducted in Xi'an, a city in northwestern China known for high air pollution levels, during January 2024 - a period characterized by peak pollution due to frequent low wind speeds and temperature inversions.

Tumor burden score is superior to primary liver cancer stages in predicting prognosis for patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma after surgery: A multi-center study.

Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is poorly understood, while the predictive value of the staging in which it is included is controversial.

Methods: Patients with cHCC-CCA underwent radical hepatectomy in two medical centers in China were enrolled and staged based on optimal cut-off values of tumor burden score (TBS), determined using the X-Tile. The association between TBS and prognosis was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves with Log-rank test.

[Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria and Inhibition of Cd and Pb Uptake by Wheat].

Phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants. Soluble phosphate combines with heavy metals to form precipitation, reducing the content of available heavy metals, thereby reducing the absorption of heavy metals by crops, which plays an important role in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The effects of the immobilization of Cd and Pb and the release of PO by the phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium sp.

Association between IGF-1 levels and MDD: a case-control and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has a variety of neurotrophic effects, including neurogenesis, remyelination and synaptogenesis, and is an effective regulator of neuronal plasticity. Although multiple studies have investigated IGF-1 in depression-related disorders, few studies have focused on patients with a first episode of clearly diagnosed depression who had never used antidepressants before. Therefore, this study investigated first-episode and drug-naïve patients with depression to supplement the current evidence around IGF-1 levels in depressive disorders.

Large-Language-Model-Based AI Agent for Organic Semiconductor Device Research.

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted widespread attention recently, however, their application in specialized scientific fields still requires deep adaptation. Here, an artificial intelligence (AI) agent for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is designed by integrating the generative pre-trained transformer 4 (GPT-4) model with well-trained machine learning (ML) algorithms. It can efficiently extract the experimental parameters of OFETs from scientific literature and reshape them into a structured database, achieving precision and recall rates both exceeding 92%.

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons promotes the progression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A population-based cohort study in China.

Low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) is an early stage of cervical cancer development. Previously, we reported that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increases the risk of cervical precancerous lesions, especially in females with a high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. However, the effects of PAHs on CIN1 progression remain unclear.

To develop a prognostic model for neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by analyzing the immune microenvironment.

Objective: The choice of neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is controversial. This study aims to provide a basis for clinical treatment selection by establishing a predictive model for the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 30 patients was conducted, divided into Response and Non-response groups based on whether they achieved major pathological remission (MPR).

Stereoselective and controllable C3-Amination or C1,C3-di-amination of 2-nitroglycals.

Precise and selective modification of carbohydrates is a critical strategy in producing diverse carbohydrate derivatives for exploiting their functions. We disclosed a simple, efficient, and highly regioselective and stereoselective protocol to controllable amination of 2-nitroglycals under mild conditions in 5 min. A range of 3-amino-carbohydrates including 3-arylamino-2-nitro-glycals and 1,3-di-amino-carbohydrate derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yield with excellent stereoselectivity.

Critical role of FGF21 in diabetic kidney disease: from energy metabolism to innate immunity.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stands as the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on a global scale, with its incidence witnessing a consistent annual rise, thereby imposing a substantial burden on public health. The pathogenesis of DKD is primarily rooted in metabolic disorders and inflammation. Recent years have seen a surge in studies highlighting the regulatory impact of energy metabolism on innate immunity, forging a significant area of research interest.

Spatiotemporal diffractive deep neural networks.

A spatiotemporal diffractive deep neural network (STD2NN) is proposed for spatiotemporal signal processing. The STD2NN is formed by gratings, which convert the signal from the frequency domain to the spatial domain, and multiple layers consisting of spatial lenses and space light modulators (SLMs), which conduct spatiotemporal phase modulation. An all-optical backpropagation (BP) algorithm for SLM phase tuning is proposed, with the gradient of the loss function computed by the inner product of the forward propagating optical field and the backward propagating conjugated error field.

The Role of BDNF, YBX1, CENPF, ZSCAN4, TEAD4, GLIS1 and USF1 in the Activation of the Embryonic Genome in Bovine Embryos.

Early embryonic development relies on the maternal RNAs and newly synthesized proteins during oogenesis. Zygotic transcription is an important event occurring at a specific time after fertilization. If no zygotic transcription occurs, the embryo will die because it is unable to meet the needs of the embryo and continue to grow.

Identifying circulating biomarkers for major depressive disorder.

Objective: To date, the current diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) still depends on clinical symptomatologic criteria, misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment are common. The study aimed to explore circulating biomarkers for MDD diagnosis.

Methods: A high-throughput antibody array technology was utilized to detect 440 circulating cytokines in eight MDD patients and eight age-and gender-matched healthy controls.

PARG Promotes Esophagus Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Esophagus cancer (EC) is a highly malignant and metastatic cancer. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), a DNA replication and repair regulator, inhibits cancer cell replication defects. This study aimed to explore the role of PARG in EC.

Design and synthesis of guaianolide-germacranolide heterodimers as novel anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Inspired by our previous finding that disesquiterpenoids showed more potent antihepatoma cytotoxicity than their corresponding parent monomers, natural product-like guaianolide-germacranolide heterodimers were designed and synthesized from guaianolide diene and germacranolides via a biomimetic Diels-Alder reaction to provide three antihepatoma active dimers with novel scaffolds. To explore the structure-activity relationship, 31 derivatives containing ester, carbamate, ether, urea, amide, and triazole functional groups at C-14' were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HepG2, Huh7, and SK-Hep-1 cell lines. Among them, 25 compounds were more potent than sorafenib against HepG2 cells, 15 compounds were stronger than sorafenib against Huh7 cells, and 17 compounds were stronger than sorafenib against SK-Hep-1 cells.