The Exocyst Subunits EqSec5 and EqSec6 Promote Powdery Mildew Fungus Growth and Pathogenicity.

The exocyst complex in eukaryotic cells modulates secretory vesicle transportation to promote exocytosis. The exocyst is also required for the hyphal growth and pathogenic development of several filamentous phytopathogens. Obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi cause considerable damage to many cash crops; however, the exocyst's roles in this group of fungi is not well studied.

Transformation-based gene silencing and functional characterization of an ISC effector reveal how a powdery mildew fungus disturbs salicylic acid biosynthesis and immune response in the plant.

Obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi infect a wide range of economically important plants. These fungi often deliver effector proteins into the host tissues to suppress plant immunity and sustain infection. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is one of the most important signals that activate plant immunity against pathogens.

Asymmetries and relationships between muscle strength, proprioception, biomechanics, and postural stability in patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis.

The pathological mechanism of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is unknown. KOA degeneration may be associated with changes in muscle strength, proprioception, biomechanics, and postural stability. This study aimed to assess asymmetries in muscle strength, proprioception, biomechanics, and postural stability of bilateral lower limbs in patients with unilateral KOA and healthy controls and analyze correlations between KOA and these parameters.

RNA sequencing reveals the circular RNA expression profiles of the infrapatellar fat pad/synovium unit.

Background: The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and synovium are reported to act as a functional unit, with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of KOA, especially in cartilage homeostasis regulation. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in the KOA IPFP/synovium unit remain to be elucidated.

Electroacupuncture as an Adjuvant Approach to Rehabilitation during Postacute Phase after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Increasing attention has been paid to electroacupuncture (EA) for promoting postoperative rehabilitation, but the effectiveness of EA for rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains obscure.

Objective: To examine the effect of EA on rehabilitation after TKA.

Methods: Database searches on PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were carried out to obtain articles, from inception to 15 October 2020.

Multiple Instance Learning for Multiple Diverse Hyperspectral Target Characterizations.

A practical hyperspectral target characterization task estimates a target signature from imprecisely labeled training data. The imprecisions arise from the characteristics of the real-world tasks. First, accurate pixel-level labels on training data are often unavailable.