Sexually Transmitted Infection Disparities and Social Determinants of Health in California, 2013‒2021.

To characterize the intersection of social determinants of health, measured as the availability of community opportunities for healthy living, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in California. Geocoded 2013-2021 California bacterial STI cases were aggregated into Healthy Places Index (HPI) quartiles. Communities in the lowest scoring HPI quartile have the fewest opportunities for healthy living, while communities in the highest scoring quartile have the most opportunities.

Accurate Core Body Temperature Prediction for Infrared Thermography Considering Ambient Temperature and Personal Features.

Accurate and timely core body temperature measurement is essential for identifying and preventing heat-related illnesses. Infrared thermography (IRT) provides a non-invasive, full-scale and efficient temperature path for body temperature screening. However, the complexity of environmental factors and personal features continuously affect the measured skin temperature, resulting in low accuracy and reliability of existing body temperature monitoring by IRT.

Achieving exceptional energy storage performance in PbHfO antiferroelectric ceramics through defect engineering design.

Antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics exhibit significant potential for diverse applications in pulsed power capacitors, chiefly owing to their electric field-induced AFE-ferroelectric (FE) phase transitions. However, their lower intrinsic breakdown strength (BDS) frequently results in dielectric breakdown prior to the field-induced phase transition, critically undermining their energy storage performance. Herein, we introduced a high-performance PbHfO (PHO)-based AFE ceramic developed through a defect engineering strategy that successfully reduced the concentration of oxygen vacancies within the ceramic non-equivalent substitution of Ta ions in a high valence state.

Endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum, actin cytoskeleton affected in tilapia liver under polystyrene microplastics and BDE acute co-exposure.

Studies showed that contaminants adhered to the surface of nano-polystyrene microplastics (NPs) have a toxicological effect. Juveniles tilapia were dispersed into four groups: the control group A, 75 nm NPs exposed group B, 5 ng·L 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether group C (BDE), and 5 ng·L BDE + 75 nm MPs group D, and acutely exposed for 2, 4 and 8 days. The hepatic histopathological change, enzymatic activities, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have been performed in tilapia.

Monodisperse, Highly Spherical, Single Crystalline Au Nanospheres for Uniform and Reproducible Hot Spots in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering at the Single-Particle Level.

Hot spots can generate intense local electromagnetic (EM) fields, thereby boosting diverse innovative applications. However, these applications may face challenges due to their subtle structural changes that can significantly impact their EM field strength. Herein, we report a large-scale synthesis of monodisperse, highly spherical, single crystalline (SC) Au nanospheres (Au NSs) with tunable sizes ranging from 38 to 92 nm for constructing uniform and reproducible hot spots with a nanosphere-on-mirror (NSoM) configuration.

Identification and validation of WDR5 WIN-site ligands via DNA-encoded chemical library screening.

WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is a scaffolding protein involved in critical protein-protein interactions and a promising target for therapeutic development. Novel small-molecule ligands targeting WDR5 were identified using the DELopen platform, a free-access DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) for academic research. Through off-DNA structure-activity relationship studies and photoaffinity labeling, two promising initial leads, DBL-6-13 and DBL-6-33, were identified as new binders of WDR5.

Apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway affected in tilapia liver following nano-microplastics and sulfamethoxazole acute co-exposure.

Studies showed that toxicants that adhered to the surface of nano-microplastics (NPs) have toxicological effects. Juvenile tilapia were divided into four groups namely the control group (A), 100 ng·L sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) group (B), 75 nm NPs group (C) and SMZ + 75 nm NPs group (D), and were exposed to an acute test for 2, 4 and 8 days. The hepatic histopathological changes, enzymatic activities, transcriptomics and proteomics analysis have been performed.

Optimization Strategies of NaV(PO) Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

NaV(PO) (NVP) has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity, superior ion conductivity and high structural stability. However, the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density, which strictly confine its further application in SIBs. Thus, it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.

Integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analyses reveal the ameliorative effect of hepatic damage in tilapia caused by polystyrene microplastics with chlorella addition.

Fish exhibit varying responses to polystyrene microplastics (MPs) depending on particle size. Previous studies suggested that microorganisms adhering to the surface of MPs can induce toxic effects. In this study, Tilapia were exposed to MPs of control (group A), 75 nm (B), 7.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Allylic Alcohols: High Degree of Chiral Inversion in Aqueous Reaction Media.

Nickel-catalyzed aqueous cyanation of allylic alcohols is herein described. This catalytic protocol provided environmentally friendly and operationally simple access to a variety of allylic nitriles in good yields. For chiral allylic alcohols, the reaction gave chiral allylic nitriles with a high degree of chiral inversion.

Salt-Assisted, In Situ Current Nanowelding of an Interfacial Au Nanoparticle Film for a High-Performance Electrocatalyst.

Interfacial self-assembly is a well-established method for the preparation of a two-dimensional (2D) metal nanofilm from nanoscale building blocks. However, the as-prepared nanofilm exhibits limited conductivity because of the large contact resistance at the junctions among its building blocks. Here, we report a salt-assisted, in situ current nanowelding strategy to weld an interfacial Au nanoparticle (NP) film for downstream applications, such as high-performance electrocatalysts.

Assessing and Optimizing Large Language Models on Spondyloarthritis Multi-Choice Question Answering: Protocol for Enhancement and Assessment.

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA), a chronic inflammatory disorder, predominantly impacts the sacroiliac joints and spine, significantly escalating the risk of disability. SpA's complexity, as evidenced by its diverse clinical presentations and symptoms that often mimic other diseases, presents substantial challenges in its accurate diagnosis and differentiation. This complexity becomes even more pronounced in nonspecialist health care environments due to limited resources, resulting in delayed referrals, increased misdiagnosis rates, and exacerbated disability outcomes for patients with SpA.

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases.

This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia.

"Turn-on" and pinhole-free ultrathin core-shell Au@SiO nanoparticle-based metal-enhanced fluorescent (MEF) chemodosimeter for Hg.

This study reports a metal-enhanced fluorescence chemodosimeter for highly sensitive detection of Hg ions. Silica-coated Au nanoparticles (Au@SiO NPs) with a pinhole-free 4-5 nm shell were synthesized and functionalized with a monolayer of turn-on fluorescent probes. Compared to other organic fluorescent probes suffering from poor biocompatibility and detection limits, this design of a monolayer of turn-on fluorescent probes immobilized on the Au@SiO NPs with a pinhole-free 4-5 nm shell avoids fluorescence quenching and allows the fluorescent probe within the field of the inner Au NPs to experience metal-enhanced fluorescence.

Geographical traceability of flavor compounds in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis): Implications for quality differentiation, authenticity assessment, and mechanism research.

Geographical traceability plays a crucial role in ensuring quality assurance, brand establishment, and the sustainable development of the crab industry. In this study, we examined the possibility of using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry with multivariate statistical authenticity analysis to identify the origin of crabs from five sites downstream of the Yangtze River. Significant variations were observed in the levels of alcoholic flavor compounds in the hepatopancreas and muscles of crabs from different geographical locations, and a support vector machine exhibited discriminant ability with 100% accuracy.

The prevalence of sarcopenia in spondyloarthritis patients: a meta-analysis.

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects sacroiliac joints and spine, resulting in substantial disability. Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, is a prevalent comorbidity in various chronic diseases. However, the exact prevalence of sarcopenia in SpA patients remains uncertain.

Chlorella alleviates the intestinal damage of tilapia caused by microplastics.

Polyethylene microplastics (MPs) of the different sizes may result in different response in fish. Studies showed microorganisms adhered to the surface of MPs have toxicological effect. Juveniles tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, n = 600, 26.

Postoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index and Fibrinogen Could Well Predict Poor Prognosis of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients After Surgery.

Introduction: Inflammatory and immunological factors play pivotal roles in the prognosis of acute type A aortic dissection. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic values of immune-inflammatory parameters in acute type A aortic dissection patients after surgery.

Methods: A total of 127 acute type A aortic dissection patients were included.

Efficient and Homogeneous Carbonitriding of High-Entropy Alloys by a Mechanochemical Process for Obtaining Coordinated Electromagnetic Matching.

Optimizing the impedance matching via electromagnetic adjustment is considered an effective strategy to accomplish exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) performance. Here, we report an efficient and green process to obtain the carbonitriding FeCoNiCr high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with flake-shaped morphology by using organic cyanide (Dicyandiamide, CHN) as nitrogen and carbon sources. The carbonitriding effects on the phase structure, magnetic properties, mechanical hardness, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and EMA performances were investigated systematically.

Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hepatopancreatic cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by microcystin-LR in Eriocheir sinensis.

There is limited knowledge about the toxicity of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in crustaceans, despite its high toxicity to aquatic organisms. This research aimed to explore the effects of MC-LR on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis, as well as elucidate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potential mechanisms of toxicity. In vivo and in vitro exposures of crabs to MC-LR and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were performed, followed by assessments of cell morphology, viability, tissue pathology, biochemical indicators, gene expression, and hepatopancreatic transcriptome.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of segmentectomy . lobectomy for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Whether segmentectomy is appropriate for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for stage IA NSCLC with a tumor size of 2-3 cm, remains controversial. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare segmentectomy and lobectomy for stage IA NSCLC with a tumor size of 2-3 cm and IA ≤2 cm NSCLC.

Methods: A systematic screening of online databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) was conducted regarding the terms of perioperative outcomes, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-free survival (DFS).

Copper Catalyzed Defluoroarylation of -Difluoroallenes to Allenyl Monofluorides with Aryl Boronic Esters.

Few studies have been performed on allenyl monofluorides, especially on aryl-substituted frames, due to concerns about their stability. Here we report a copper-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of such structures with inexpensive and accessible aryl boronic esters under mild conditions. Arylated allenyl monofluorides were stable enough to be isolated and easily converted to various other fluorine-containing blueprints.

A practical "preTACs-cytoblot" platform accelerates the streamlined development of PROTAC-based protein degraders.

With the growing importance of PROTAC-mediated protein degradation in drug discovery, robust synthetic methodologies and rapid screening assays are urgently needed. By harnessing the improved alkene hydroazidation reaction, we developed a novel strategy to introduce azido groups into the linker-E3 ligand conjugates and effectively created a range of prepacked terminal azide-labeled "preTACs" as PROTAC toolkit building blocks. Moreover, we demonstrated that preTACs are ready to conjugate to ligands targeting a protein of interest to generate libraries of chimeric degraders, which are subsequently screened for effective protein degradation directly from cultured cells with a cytoblot assay.