Study on the Regulatory Mechanisms of Carapace Marking Formation in .

There are two phenotypes in the natural populations of , which is an ideal model for studying the formation of markings and body color in crustaceans. In a previous study, we used comparative transcriptome technology to screen some functional genes related to body color regulation. Here, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to perform microRNA (miRNA) sequencing analysis on the exoskeleton of with two types of carapace markings, and functional studies of related genes were performed.

Intermetallic PtSn Nanosheets with p-d Orbital Hybridization for Selective Hydroxylamine Electrosynthesis.

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to hydroxylamine (NHOH) is a challenging catalytic process that has gained significant attention. However, its performance is hindered by the low selectivity of the electrocatalysts. Here, intermetallic PtSn nanosheets with p-d orbital hybridization have been synthesized, which significantly enhances the performance of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to NHOH.

Identification of Potent Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Inhibitors by Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease but has limited medications. Targeting leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been identified as a potential strategy for the treatment of PD. The development of LRRK2 inhibitors has attracted much interest, and various compounds have been reported with significant improvement in preclinical and clinical models.

NebulaPlate: a droplet microfluidic platform to analyze platelet aggregation.

The accurate assessment of platelet activity is crucial in clinical practice and scientific research owing to the pivotal role of platelets in the progression of cardiovascular conditions, such as arterial thrombotic diseases. However, conventional platelet activity assessment methods are currently limited by their requirement of substantial blood samples and inadequate high-throughput capabilities, and therapeutic resistance induced by antiplatelet agents impedes treatment efficacy. In this study, we developed a microdroplet-based platelet function detection method, referred to as NebulaPlate, to achieve miniaturized and robust platelet activity assessment, thereby overcoming current challenges.

Universal Albumin Drugs-Cored Spherical Nucleic Acid (ad-SNA) Platform for Targeted Drug Delivery.

Albumin-based drug delivery system, exemplified by FDA-approved treatments like Abraxane, have demonstrated significant potential in cancer therapy. However, albumin carriers still suffer from poor tumor-targeting capability, leading to low efficacy and systemic side effects on healthy cells in applications. Here, we report a general method for modification of albumin drugs by aptamer coating shell that are hydrophobically inserted into the albumin surface, for constructing albumin drugs-cored spherical nucleic acid (adSNA).

Selective impact of lignin and hemicelluloses macromolecules in bamboo cell walls by mildew.

Understanding the impact of mildew on lignin and hemicelluloses within plant cell walls is crucial for addressing biomass degradation and antimicrobial studies. In this work, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) and nanoindentation techniques were used to characterize the effects of three mildew species-Aspergillus niger (AN), Trichoderma viride (TV), and Penicillium citrinum (PC)-on lignin and hemicelluloses within bamboo cell walls. 2D NMR detected bond changes, while nanoindentation measured mechanical decline.

The Reversible and Background-Free Hydrogel-Sensing Platform for Dual-Mode Detection of Acetone in Exhaled Breath.

The acetone present in exhaled breath is a promising indicator for diagnosing human health. The fluorescent hydrogel sensor-based portable sensing platform is a highly effective tool for the on-site detection of acetone. However, existing hydrogel sensors are often limited by their irreversibility and autofluorescence.

Electron shuttles enhance arsenic mobilization during bioreduction of iron-bearing clay mineral: Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations.

Arsenic contamination in the environment poses a global health challenge, affecting populations in over seventy countries. Electron shuttles (ESs) and iron-bearing clay minerals commonly coexist in high-arsenic environments. Clay minerals are critical hosts in controlling arsenic mobilization.

Oxygen-Coordinated Single-Atom Nickel Catalysts Derived from Water-Induced Metal-Organic Framework Aerogel for Efficient Water Oxidation.

Research on metal-organic framework (MOF) aerogels is relatively scarce, primarily constrained by the limited availability of synthetic methods. Herein, a water-induced rapid conversion process of MOF powder to MOF aerogel is demonstrated, where the macroscopic transition is essentially due to the reassembly of microscopic constituent units and the rapid alteration of morphological structure. The derived catalyst possesses abundant holes left by the acid leaching process, leading to the high enrichment of O-coordinated single-atom Ni sites on the concomitant carbon edges.

Background-free luminescent and chromatic assay for strong visual detection of creatinine.

Creatinine is an essential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of renal insufficiency. Although fluorescent methods are powerful tools for creatinine detection, almost all reported fluorescent probes rely on short-wavelength excitation and a single fluorescent signal, making them susceptible to environmental and operational conditions. In this study, a near-infrared excited, highly sensitive, and multi-output signal sensing system was established using upconversion nanoparticles and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA) for synergistic luminescent and colorimetric assay for strong visual detection of creatinine.

The design and development of LRRK2 inhibitors as novel therapeutics for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting nearly 10 million people worldwide and placing a heavy medical burden on both society and families. However, due to the complexity of its pathological mechanisms, current treatments for PD can only alleviate patients' symptoms. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently sought in clinical practice.

Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Surgical Resection Improves Local Control in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Aims: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare cancer known for its high recurrence rate. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy on the outcomes of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.

Methods: We examined patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who had undergone curative tumor resection.

Unraveling the Electron Transport Propellant Mechanism of Oxygen Vacancy for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Seawater.

Currently, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater still faces problems such as low catalyst activity and Cl poisoning of active sites. In this work, an electron transfer facilitator of oxygen vacancies is introduced as a driving force for electronic transmission, which enhances the electron-metal-support interactions (EMSI) effect while introducing a charge protective layer, realizing killing two birds with one stone. In situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the EMSI effect enhances the H transfer step at the interface.

Risk factors of renal function deterioration after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: To investigate the risk factors of renal function deterioration after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: A total of 153 patients with UTUC who underwent radical surgery at a high-volume center in China from January 2015 to December 2019 were included in this study. The renal function of all patients was evaluated during follow-up.

Polyvalent Aptamer Nanodrug Conjugates Enable Efficient Tumor Cuproptosis Therapy Through Copper Overload and Glutathione Depletion.

Cuproptosis, a recently identified form of copper-dependent cell death, shows promising tumor suppressive effects with minimal drug resistance. However, its therapeutic efficacy is hampered by its dependence on copper ions and the glutathione (GSH)-rich microenvironment in tumors. Here, we have developed polyvalent aptamer nanodrug conjugates (termed CuPEs@PApt) with a nucleosome-like structure to improve tumor cuproptosis therapy by exploiting mitochondrial copper overload and GSH depletion.

Excellent anti-mildew effect of essential oil impregnation on sliced veneer plybamboo and its anti-mildew mechanism.

Unlabelled: Sliced bamboo veneer used as a high-end decoration material is a highly innovative material for the deep processing of bamboo. However, bamboo is rich in starch and small molecular soluble sugars, making it susceptible to mildew infection and limiting the wide application of sliced veneer plybamboo. Spice essential oils are considered green and safe antimildew agents, which are cheap and accessible.

Association between personal attenuation rating with types of earplugs and noise exposure levels in a textile factory in China.

Objective: To investigate the effects of earplug type and noise exposure level on textile workers' personal attenuation rating (PAR).

Design: Initial and follow-up visits were conducted at a 17-month interval. At each visit, a baseline HPD fit test was performed using either a 3M foam or pre-molded earplug, as chosen by the workers.

Frustrated Lewis Pair Mediated f-p-d Orbital Coupling: Achieving Selective Seawater Oxidation and Breaking *OH and *OOH Scaling Relationship.

The development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis plays a crucial role in producing renewable hydrogen energy. However, during the seawater electrolysis process, the anode inevitably undergoes chloride oxidation reaction (ClOR) due to Cl adsorption, making the seawater electrolysis process difficult to sustain. Inspired by the selective permeability of cell membranes, we propose a biomimetic design of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) layers for selective seawater oxidation.

Optical control of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity via photoswitchable azobenzene for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Photopharmacology is an emerging method in medicinal chemistry to achieve light-controlled drug activity. Azobenzene-based photoswitchable ligands have found widespread application as chemical tools in photopharmacological studies. This study pioneers the design and synthesis of a novel series of photoswitchabled butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, achieved by strategically integrating an azo moiety into an N-benzyl benzamide scaffold.

Soluble sugar, organic acid and phenolic composition and flavor evaluation of plum fruits.

Plums ( and ) are prevalent in southwestern China, and have attracted interest owing to their delectable taste and exceptional nutritional properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nutritional and flavor properties of plum to improve its nutritional utilization. Specifically, we determined the soluble sugars, organic acids, and phenolic components in 86 accessions using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity of Pentagonal Carbon Rings and p-d Orbital Hybridization Effect with Ru.

Topological defects are inevitable existence in carbon-based frameworks, but their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity and mechanism remain under-explored. Herein, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of pentagonal carbon-rings is probed by constructing pentagonal ring-rich carbon (PRC), with optimized electronic structures and higher HER activity relative to common hexagonal carbon (HC). Furthermore, to improve the reactivity, we couple Ru clusters with PRC (Ru@PRC) through p-d orbital hybridization between C and Ru atoms, which drives a shortcut transfer of electrons from Ru clusters to pentagonal rings.

Anti-inflammatory effect of colchicine on organ damage during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery: a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery can lead to serious postoperative complications and significantly increase the hospital mortality rate. Colchicine, a widely used traditional anti-inflammatory drug, has good clinical value in cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapy. Our preliminary single-centre study had confirmed the protective value of colchicine in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Smart Bioorthogonal Nanozymes: From Rational Design to Appropriate Bioapplications.

Bioorthogonal chemistry has provided an elaborate arsenal to manipulate native biological processes in living systems. As the great advancement of nanotechnology in recent years, bioorthogonal nanozymes are innovated to tackle the challenges that emerged in practical biomedical applications. Bioorthogonal nanozymes are uniquely positioned owing to their advantages of high customizability and tunability, as well as good adaptability to biological systems, which bring exciting opportunities for biomedical applications.