Effect of different doses of ciprofol on hemodynamics induced by general anesthesia in elderly diabetic patients undergoing spinal surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of different doses of ciprofol for the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients with diabetes undergoing spinal surgery.

Methods: Ninety elderly diabetic patients scheduled for elective single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) under general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups according to the induction dose of ciprofol: group A (0.2 mg/kg), Group B (0.

The Adversarial Robust and Generalizable Stereo Matching for Infrared Binocular Based on Deep Learning.

Despite the considerable success of deep learning methods in stereo matching for binocular images, the generalizability and robustness of these algorithms, particularly under challenging conditions such as occlusions or degraded infrared textures, remain uncertain. This paper presents a novel deep-learning-based depth optimization method that obviates the need for large infrared image datasets and adapts seamlessly to any specific infrared camera. Moreover, this adaptability extends to standard binocular images, allowing the method to work effectively on both infrared and visible light stereo images.

Dominant Role of Surface Peak-Valley Features in Droplet Infiltration Dynamics.

In this study, droplet infiltration dynamics on microtextured surfaces is explored to demonstrate the dominant role of surface peak-valley features in the capillary-driven wetting process. Even though two rough surfaces have nearly the same roughness, the microtopography and distribution of surface peaks and valleys may be completely different, leading to variations in liquid infiltration characteristics. Experimental results show that under the same surface roughness ( = 12.

Interface engineering of Platinum-Copper alloy/titanium dioxide for enhanced photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.

To develop an efficient photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) reduction aimed at mitigating CO emissions and greenhouse effects, we propose a straightforward strategy involving hydrogen reduction treatment of PtCu/Ti to create the PtCu/Ti-H catalyst with a distinctive interface structure. Compared with the fresh PtCu/Ti catalyst and the benchmark anatase TiO, the CH production of the PtCu/Ti-H catalyst increased by 2 times and 81.6 times, respectively.

Effect of the Surface Peak-Valley Features on Droplet Impact Dynamics under Leidenfrost Temperature.

This study explores the kinetic behavior of droplets impacting microtextured surfaces under a Leidenfrost temperature, employing high-speed photography and picosecond laser micromachining techniques. The investigation focuses on two types of microtextured surfaces with totally different surface peak-valley features: a negatively skewed surface with micropit arrays ( < 0) and a positively skewed surface with micropillar arrays ( > 0). The results indicate that both microtextured surfaces contribute to a higher Leidenfrost temperature compared with the original smooth surface, which is consistent with previous studies.

Synergistic Effect of Microconvex Texture and Particle Medium on the Tribological Property of the Rubber Sliding Interface.

In this study, we examined how surface topography and particle medium interact to affect the tribological performance of rubber sliding interfaces, uncovering the mechanisms of particle lubrication under various conditions. We found that microtextured surfaces, created using a mold transfer method, modestly reduced the friction coefficient of rubber under both dry and lubricated states, primarily by altering the real contact area. Additionally, the presence of different microconvex textures on the surface topography significantly influenced rubber's tribological properties.

Surface Coordination Environment Engineering on PtCu Alloy Catalysts for the Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO to CH.

Alloy catalysts have been reported to be robust in catalyzing various heterogeneous reactions due to the synergistic effect between different metal atoms. In this work, aimed at understanding the effect of the coordination environment of surface atoms on the catalytic performance of alloy catalysts, a series of PtCu alloy model catalysts supported on anatase-phase TiO (PtCu/Ti, = 0.4, 0.

HS alleviates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by suppressing ERS-induced autophagy.

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to acute kidney injury and result in high disability and mortality rates. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-produced hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been confirmed to play a protective role in renal IRI. While autophagy is involved in renal IRI, its role in the regulation by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has not been considered.

Suppressed Droplet Splashing on Positively Skewed Surfaces for High-Efficiency Evaporation Cooling.

Two types of functional surfaces with the same roughness but completely different surface topographies are prepared, namely positively skewed surfaces filled with micropillar arrays (Sa ≈4.4 µm, Ssk >0) and negatively skewed surfaces filled with microcavity arrays (Sa ≈4.4 µm, Ssk <0), demonstrating promoting droplet splashing.

The effect of a ketogenic diet on inflammation-related markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Context: Despite the important role of inflammation-related factors on the occurrence of chronic diseases, there is still conflicting evidence about the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) on these factors.

Objective: In order to obtain a better viewpoint, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of a KD on inflammation-related markers.

Data Sources: To find pertinent randomized controlled trials up to August 2023, databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched.

Condensation-assembly synthesis of three-dimensionally porous boron nitride for effective oil removal.

A template-free pyrolysis route has been developed using condensation-assembly precursors made of trimethoxyboroxane (TMB) and melamine (M) to cater the requirements of an industrial real-world environment. The precursors contain abundant B-N bonds and exhibit a high level of interconnectivity, resulting in 3D-PBN with enhanced mechanical properties and the ability to be easily customized in terms of shape. Moreover, 3D-PBN demonstrates rapid adsorption kinetics and excellent reusability, efficiently removing up to 270% of its own weight of fuel within 30 s and being readily regenerated through simple calcination.

Effect of initial water content on the dewatering performance of freeze-thaw preconditioned landfill sludge.

Freeze-thawing (F/T) is an effective method of sludge dewatering preconditioning and has been studied in many studies. However, previous studies have taken landfill sludge from different regions, filled for different length of time or at different depth, resulting in large differences in initial water content and different treatment effects. Therefore, the effect of initial water content on the dewatering characteristics of F/T preconditioned landfill sludge has been investigated.

Facile HO-Contributed O Activation Strategy over Mn-Based SCR Catalysts to Counteract SO Poisoning.

Mn-based catalysts preferred in low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are susceptible to SO poisoning. The stubborn sulfates make insufficient O activation and result in deficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) for activating reaction molecules. HO has long been regarded as an accomplice to SO, hastening catalyst deactivation.

Dynamic Behavior of Droplet Impact on Laminar Superheated Particles.

The impact of droplets on particles involves a wide range of complex phenomena and mechanisms, including bubble nucleation, crater formation, fluidization, and more intricate changes in the boiling regime when impacting superheated particles. In this study, we focus on droplet impact behavior on superheated laminar particles at various temperatures and define six typical characteristic patterns of a single droplet impact on superheated laminar particles, including film evaporation, bubbly boiling, immersion boiling, sputter boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling. It is worth noting that the variations of inertial force caused by gravity, the capillary force generated by the pores of the droplets, and the dewetting force by the vapor phase are the main contributors to different evaporation regimes.

Thermally Insulating SiO/PSA Composite Aerogels with Heat Resistance and Mechanical Properties via the Thiol-Yne Click Reaction.

Polymer-reinforced silica aerogels are thermally insulating materials employed to enhance mechanical properties; however, they exhibit low heat stability and require a complex production process. The main body of this work concerns the synthesis of silicon-containing polyarylacetylene (PSA) resin, which has exceptional thermal properties and is used to strengthen the gel skeleton and significantly improve the heat resistance of the polymer reinforcement phase. The honeycomb-like porous SiO/PSA aerogels derived from directional freezing were obtained via click reaction, gel aging, freeze-drying, and curing without the requirement for time-consuming solvent replacement.

Fabricating Robust Pt Clusters on Sn-Doped CeO for CO Oxidation: A Deep Insight into Support Engineering and Surface Structural Evolution.

The size effect on nanoparticles, which affects the catalysis performance in a significant way, is crucial. The tuning of oxygen vacancies on metal-oxide support can help reduce the size of the particles in active clusters of Pt, thus improving catalysis performance of the supported catalyst. Herein, Ce-Sn solid solutions (CSO) with abundant oxygen vacancies have been synthesized.

Thermal-Driven Optimization of the Strong Metal-Support Interaction of a Platinum-Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieve to Promote Toluene Oxidation: Effect of the Interface Pt-O-Mn.

Strong metal-support interactions (SMSIs) have a significant effect on the performance of supported noble-metal catalysts for volatile organic compound (VOC) elimination. Herein, the strength of the SMSI of Pt/OMS-2 between Pt and the OMS-2 support is regulated by simply changing calcination temperatures, and the catalyst calcined at 300 °C (Pt/OMS-2-300) performs the best in the catalytic combustion of toluene. Through systematic structural characterizations, it is revealed that much more Pt-O-Mn species are formed in Pt/OMS-2-300, which can help facilitate the generation of more reactive oxygen species and promote lattice oxygen mobility.

Anti-clogging mechanism of freeze-thaw combined with step vacuum preloading in treating landfill sludge.

Globally, landfill sludge (LS) has accumulated in large quantities, and its reduction and dewatering are urgently needed. To address pollution problems and clogging of drainage boards caused by chemical conditioning combined with traditional vacuum preloading (TVP), a freeze-thaw combined with step vacuum preloading (F/T-SVP) method is proposed. A comparative experimental study was carried out between TVP and SVP to explore the anti-clogging mechanism of F/T-SVP in treating LS.

Adsorption and Removal of Antibiotic Pollutants using CuO-Co O Co-modified Porous Boron Nitride Fibers in Aqueous Solution.

The presence of antibiotic contaminants in aqueous environment already poses significant risks to ecological sustainability, biodiversity and human public health and safety. Therefore, it is urgent to develop practical water pollution control technologies and new materials. Here, we prepared CuO-Co O co-modified porous boron nitride fibers (P-BNFs) for the adsorption and removal of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in aqueous environment.

Functional Microtextured Superhydrophobic Surface with Excellent Anti-Wear Resistance and Friction Reduction Properties.

The wear-resistant superhydrophobic (SHB) surfaces with excellent water-repellency ability were prepared by constructing a microtextured armor on an aluminum surface. With the assistance of laser-induced microtextures, the SHB surface could keep a longer water-repellency ability and a lower friction coefficient even after repeated friction tests under different loads and at different speeds. The mechanism of microtexture-protecting SHB coating is revealed based on both theoretical and elemental analysis.

Pirfenidone-loaded hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogel for preventing epidural adhesions after laminectomy.

It is inevitable that scar formation occurs between the spinal dura and surrounding tissues after laminectomy. While extensive epidural fibrosis, which results in limited nerve root activity and severe pain, is the main cause of postoperative failed-back surgery syndrome. Novel biomaterial loading effective drugs based on reasonable design are eagerly needed for the safe and effective prevention of epidural adhesions.

Dehydration effect of freeze-thaw on sludge: Temperature spatio-temporal distribution and multi-scale evaluation.

The freeze-thaw vacuum method for conditioning pretreated sludge has been proved that it not only has greater dewatering efficiency but also is more ecologically friendly. In this paper, the experiment is improved to address shortcomings in previous freeze-thaw vacuum approach for sludge treatment. The spatio-temporal distribution relationship of distance-time-temperature is developed and divided into two stages by numerically fitting the temperature change of freezing tubes in the sludge.

Dramatically reducing the critical velocity of air cavity generation biomimetic microstructure effects.

Control over the generation of air cavities in liquids is vitally important in numerous underwater marine systems, with behaviors ranging from largely reducing the fluid resistance to minimizing the energy consumption. However, reducing the critical velocity of air cavity generation simultaneously on both original and hydrophobic materials can be mutually exclusive. In strong contrast to the view that the surface wettability is what determines the critical velocity of air cavity entrainment, we report a facile method to dramatically reduce the critical velocity of air cavity generation by etching a kind of biomimetic microstructure on the sphere surface.