Transcriptome and Network Analyses Reveal the Gene Set Involved in PST Accumulation and Responses to Toxic Exposure in the Gills of .

Bivalve molluscs are filter-feeding organisms that can accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) through ingesting toxic marine dinoflagellates. While the effects of PST accumulation upon the physiology of bivalves have been documented, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed in the gills of Zhikong scallop () after 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 day(s) exposure of PST-producing dinoflagellate .

Tissue-Biased and Species-Specific Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase () Genes in Scallops Exposed to Toxic Dinoflagellates.

Marine bivalves could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by toxic microalgae, which might induce oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are key enzymes functioning in the antioxidant defense, whereas our understanding of their roles in PST challenge in bivalves is limited. Herein, through genome-wide screening, we identified nine () and eight () genes in Zhikong scallop () and Yesso scallop (), respectively, and revealed the expansion of GPx3 sub-family in both species.

Toxin- and species-dependent regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in scallops after exposure to paralytic shellfish toxin-producing dinoflagellates.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane-bound proteins involved in exporting various xenobiotic compounds from living cells. Bivalve mollusks can accumulate large amounts of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) from marine dinoflagellates. For aquatic invertebrates, the importance of ABC proteins in multi-xenobiotic resistance has been demonstrated, however, the systematic identification of ABC transporters is very limited.

Correction to: Transcriptomic Profiling Provides Insights into Inbreeding Depression in Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the authorgroup section. Author Zhenmin Bao's given name was incorrectly spelled as "Zhemin Bao".

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of s in Zhikong Scallop Reveals Gene Expansion and Regulation Divergence after Toxic Dinoflagellate Exposure.

As filter-feeding animals mainly ingesting microalgae, bivalves could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by harmful algae through diet. To protect themselves from the toxic effects of PSTs, especially the concomitant oxidative damage, the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is the only eukaryotic metalloenzyme capable of detoxifying superoxide, may assist with toxin tolerance in bivalves. To better understand this process, in the present study, we performed the first systematic analysis of genes in bivalve , an important aquaculture species in China.

Solute carriers in scallop genome: Gene expansion and expression regulation after exposure to toxic dinoflagellate.

The solute carriers (SLCs) are membrane proteins that transport many endogenous and exogenous substances such as xenobiotic toxins. Bivalve mollusks, mainly feeding on microalgae, show marked capacity to accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), the most common and hazardous marine biotoxins produced by dinoflagellates. Exploring the SLCs related to PST accumulation in bivalve could benefit our understanding about the mechanisms of PST bioavailability in bivalve and the adaptations of these species.

Transcriptomic Profiling Provides Insights into Inbreeding Depression in Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis.

Inbreeding often causes a decline in biological fitness, known as inbreeding depression. In genetics study, inbreeding coefficient f gives the proportion by which the heterozygosity of an individual is reduced by inbreeding. With the development of high-throughput sequencing, researchers were able to perform deep approaches to investigate which genes are affected by inbreeding and reveal some molecular underpinnings of inbreeding depression.

Diverse expression regulation of Hsp70 genes in scallops after exposure to toxic Alexandrium dinoflagellates.

Heat shock proteins 70KD (Hsp70s) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with essential roles against biotic and abiotic stressors. Marine bivalves inhabit highly complex environments and could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), the well-noted neurotoxins generated during harmful algal blooms. Here, we systematically analyzed Hsp70 genes (CfHsp70s) in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri), an important aquaculture mollusk in China.

The GRP94 gene of Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis): Characterization and expression regulation in response to thermal and bacterial stresses.

The 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94) belonging to the HSP90 family is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone. It plays critical roles in ER quality control, and has been implicated as a specialized immune chaperone to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we identified and characterized a GRP94 gene (PyGRP94) from Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis).

Expression of Cathepsin F in response to bacterial challenges in Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis.

Cathepsin F is a unique papain cysteine proteinase with highly conserved structures: catalytic triad and a cystatin domain contained in the elongated N-terminal pro-region. It has been reported that cathepsin F is associated with the establishment of innate immune in several vertebrate including fish in aquaculture, but not known in bivalves. In this study, we firstly identified and characterized cathepsin F in the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis).