Artificial intelligence-based model to predict recurrence after local excision in T1 rectal cancer.

Background: According to current guideline, patients with resected specimens showing high-risk features are recommended additional surgery after local excision (LE) of T1 colorectal cancer, despite the low incidence of recurrence. However, surgical resection in patients with low rectal cancer (RC) is challenging and may compromise anal function, leading to a low quality of life. To reduce unnecessary surgical resection in these patients, we used artificial intelligence (AI) to develop and validate a prediction model for the risk of recurrence after LE.

The role and underlying mechanisms of irisin in exercise-mediated cardiovascular protection.

Irisin, a product of the post-translational processing of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a novel myokine which is upregulated during exercise. This hormone not only promotes the transformation of white adipose tissue into a brown-fat-like phenotype but also enhances energy expenditure and mitigates fat accumulation. Its role is crucial in the management of certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes and heart disease.

Cellular mechanism underlying leptin-induced anion secretion of rat epididymal epithelial cells.

Background: A large number of studies have shown that leptin plays an important role in the regulation of fertility via the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. However, its peripheral function in epididymis was still elusive.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the pro-secretion effect of leptin on the rat epididymal epithelium.

Mannan Oligosaccharide Could Attenuate Ochratoxin A-Induced Immunosuppression with Long-Time Exposure Instead of Immunostimulation with Short-Time Exposure.

Our previous study showed that ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the most common mycotoxins in feed, could induce immunosuppression with long-time exposure but immunostimulation with short-time exposure. However, limited studies for the control of OTA-induced two-way immune toxicity were carried out. This study explored the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), a glucomannoprotein complex with immunoregulatory capability derived from the yeast cell wall, on OTA-induced immune toxicity and its underlying mechanisms.

Low-level contamination of deoxynivalenol: A threat from environmental toxins to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly present in the global environment, especially in cereals and animal forages. The changing global environment may further increase the exposure to these toxins, posing a serious threat to humans and animals. Recently, coronavirus has become one of the most important pathogens threatening human and animal health.

Long-Time Instead of Short-Time Exposure in Vitro and Administration in Vivo of Ochratoxin A Is Consistent in Immunosuppression.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium, contaminating in a wide variety of foods and feeds. Mycotoxins, including OTA, could cause immunosuppression in almost all previous studies in vivo. However, the vast majority of results in vitro showed that mycotoxins caused immunostimulation.

Aflatoxin B Induces Immunotoxicity through the DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in 3D4/21 Cells.

As the most toxic mycotoxin of all of the fungal toxins, aflatoxin B (AFB) has carcinogenesis, heptotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. DNA methylation plays a critical role in gene expression regulation of the pathological process. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and AFB-induced immunotoxicity was not yet reported.

Mannan Oligosaccharide Protects against the Aflatoxin-B-Promoted Influenza Replication and Tissue Damages in a Toll-Like-Receptor-4-Dependent Manner.

Our previous study reported that aflatoxin B (AFB) promoted influenza replication. Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), derived from the cell walls of yeast, is a potent immunomodulator. Here, we investigated the role of MOS in AFB-promoted influenza replication and further explored the underlying mechanisms.

Glutamine Deficiency Promotes PCV2 Infection through Induction of Autophagy via Activation of ROS-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen in swine herds. We previously reported that glutamine (Gln) deficiency promoted PCV2 infection in vitro. Here, we established a Gln deficiency model in vivo and further investigated the detailed molecular mechanisms.

Aflatoxin B Promotes Influenza Replication and Increases Virus Related Lung Damage via Activation of TLR4 Signaling.

Aflatoxin B (AFB), which alters immune responses to mammals, is one of the most common mycotoxins in feeds and food. Swine influenza virus (SIV) is a major pathogen of both animals and humans. However, there have been few studies about the relationship between AFB exposure and SIV replication.

Activation of AMPK-dependent SIRT-1 by astragalus polysaccharide protects against ochratoxin A-induced immune stress in vitro and in vivo.

Recent studies have highlighted the immune stress caused by ochratoxin A (OTA), but little attention was paid to its alleviation. In the present study, the protective effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) against OTA-induced immune stress in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism/(s) involved were investigated. The in vitro results showed that APS (20 μg/ml) induced a significant decrease in cytotoxicity, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions elevated by OTA (1.

A rare case of isolated castrate resistant bilateral testicular metastases in advanced prostate cancer.

Testicular metastasis is rare with the prostate being the most common site of primary cancer. We report a case of a 72-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and known metastases to bone and lymph nodes, who developed bilateral painful swollen testes 3 years after the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer. He had first presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with suspicious findings on digital rectal examination of the prostate, and an elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of 129 ng/mL.

A retrospective discussion of the prognostic value of combining prothrombin time(PT) and fibrinogen(Fbg) in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma.

The levels of coagulation system tests have been studied in various cancers. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment plasma coagulation tests in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A retrospective study was performed in 539 patients with HCC, and follow-up period was at least 60 months until recurrence or death.

Knockdown BMI1 expression inhibits proliferation and invasion in human bladder cancer T24 cells.

B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) is a transcriptional repressor of polycomb repressive complex 1, which is involved in the proliferation, senescence, migration, and tumorigenesis of cancer. Experimental researchers have convincingly linked BMI1 to tumorigenesis. However, there is no study about the issue on the role of BMI1 in the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of bladder cancer.

Investigation on the indication of ipsilateral adrenalectomy in radical nephrectomy: a meta-analysis.

Background: With a trend that renal tumors are being detected at an earlier stage, classical radical nephrectomy is being reconsidered. More conservative techniques are being proposed. To clarify the indication for synchronous adrenalectomy in radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma which has been questioned since the 1980s, this study evaluates the role of adrenalectomy and recommends a new indication for adrenalectomy in renal cell carcinoma.