Renal fibrosis: research progress on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Renal fibrosis (RF) is a prevalent clinical symptom of numerous chronic kidney illnesses and a significant pathological alteration in end-stage renal disease resulting from various mechanisms, such as abnormally activated signaling pathways, microRNAs, aging, autophagy disorders, and fibrotic ecological niches, all of which contribute to RF development. Inhibiting, blocking, or delaying the aforementioned mechanisms may yield novel approaches for treating RF. This article explores advancements in the comprehension of the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for RF.

Enhanced Prediction of CO-Brine Interfacial Tension at Varying Temperature Using a Multibranch-Structure-Based Neural Network Approach.

Interfacial tension () between CO and brine depends on chemical components in multiphase systems, intricately evolving with a change in temperature. In this study, we developed a convolutional neural network with a multibranch structure (MBCNN), which, in combination with a compiled data set containing measurement data of 1716 samples from 13 available literature sources at wide temperature and pressure ranges (273.15-473.

The effect of multi-tasks mechanism on cooperation in evolutionary game.

Human games are inherently diverse, involving more than mere identity interactions. The diversity of game tasks offers a more authentic explanation in the exploration of social dilemmas. Human behavior is also influenced by conformity, and prosociality is a crucial factor in addressing social dilemmas.

The Effect of Fangcang Shelter Hospitals under Resource Constraints on the Spread of Epidemics.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Fangcang shelter hospitals have been built and operated in several cities, and have played a huge role in epidemic prevention and control. How to use medical resources effectively in order to maximize epidemic prevention and control is a big challenge that the government should address. In this paper, a two-stage infectious disease model was developed to analyze the role of Fangcang shelter hospitals in epidemic prevention and control, and examine the impact of medical resources allocation on epidemic prevention and control.

Evaluation of sludge anaerobic fermentation driving partial denitrification capability: In view of kinetics and metagenomic mechanisms.

Partial denitrification (PD) provides a promising approach of efficient and stable nitrite (NO-N) generation for annamox. In this study, the feasibility of short-term sludge anaerobic fermentation driving PD was evaluated. It was found that a higher NO-N accumulation in nitrate (NO-N) reduction was obtained with the 5-days fermented sludge compared to 8 and 15-days fermentation.

A review of enhanced municipal wastewater treatment through energy savings and carbon recovery to reduce discharge and CO footprint.

Municipal wastewater treatment that mainly performed by conventional activated sludge (CAS) process faces the challenge of intensive aeration-associated energy consumption for oxidation of organics and ammonium, contributing to significant directly/indirectly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy use, which hinders the achievement of carbon neutral, the top priority mission in the coming decades to cope with the global climate change. Therefore, this article aimed to offer a comprehensive analysis of recently developed biological treatment processes with the focus on reducing discharge and CO footprint. The biotechnologies including "Zero Carbon", "Low Carbon", "Carbon Capture and Utilization" are discussed, it suggested that, by integrating these processes with energy-saving and carbon recovery, the challenges faced in current wastewater treatment plants can be overcome, and a carbon-neutral even be possible.

Insight into the microbial interactions of Anammox and heterotrophic bacteria in different granular sludge systems: effect of size distribution and available organic carbon source.

Microbial interactions between Anammox and heterotrophic bacteria in different granule distributions in an Anammox system (AMX) and partial denitrification coupled with Anammox system (PDA) were analyzed in this paper. Candidatus Brocadia was the main Anammox microorganism in granules of 1.0 > d > 0.

Beyond an Applicable Rate in Low-Strength Wastewater Treatment by Anammox: Motivated Labor at an Extremely Short Hydraulic Retention Time.

The application of anammox technology in low-strength wastewater treatment is still challenging due to unstable nitrite (NO-N) generation. Partial denitrification (PD) of nitrate (NO-N) reduction ending with NO-N provides a promising solution. However, little is known about the feasibility of accelerating nitrogen removal toward the practical application of anammox combined with heterotrophic denitrification.

Inducing high nitrite accumulation via modulating nitrate reduction power and carbon flux with Thauera spp. selection.

Partial-denitrification (PD, NO-N → NO-N) is emerging as a promising approach for application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this study, stable PD with high nitrite (NO-N) accumulation was achieved by modulating nitrate (NO-N) reduction activity and carbon metabolism. With the influent NO-N increasing from 30 to 200 mg/L, specific NO-N reduction rates (r) were significantly improved, corresponding to the nitrate-to-nitrite transforming ratio (NTR) increasing rapidly to 80.

The Effect of Local and Global Interventions on Epidemic Spreading.

Epidemic spreading causes severe challenges to the global public health system, and global and local interventions are considered an effective way to contain such spreading, including school closures (local), border control (global), etc. However, there is little study on comparing the efficiency of global and local interventions on epidemic spreading. Here, we develop a new model based on the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with an additional compartment called "quarantine status".

Evaluation of Electric Field Integral Voltage Measurement Method of Transmission Line Based on Error Transmission and Uncertainty Analysis.

Electric field numerical integration algorithms can realize the non-contact measurement of transmission line voltage effectively. Although there are many electric field numerical integration algorithms, lack of a comprehensive comparison of accuracy and stability among various algorithms results in difficulties in evaluating the measurement results of various algorithms. Therefore, this paper presents the G-L (Gauss-Legendre) algorithm, the I-G-L (improved Gauss-Legendre) algorithm, and the I-G-C (improved Gauss-Chebyshev) algorithm and proposes a unified error propagation model of the derived algorithms to assess the accuracy of each integration method by considering multiple error sources.

Quantitative Determination of Acetamiprid in Pollen Based on a Sensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

A sensitive biotinylated indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bic-ELISA) was developed to detect acetamiprid pesticides in pollen, based on the heterogeneous coating antigen and biotinylated anti-acetamiprid monoclonal antibody. Under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit for the Bic-ELISA was 0.17 ng/mL and the linear range was 0.