Global burden and trends in pre- and post-menopausal gynecological cancer from 1990 to 2019, with Projections to 2040: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The global burden and trends in gynecological cancer (GC) by menopausal status worldwide remain unclear.

Methods: Data on the number of incident cases and deaths, as well as age-standardized rates (ASR) and risk factors for GC in pre- and post-menopausal women were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The estimated annual percent change was calculated to quantify the temporal trend of GC burden by menopausal status between 1990 and 2019.

Clinical application of targeted next-generation sequencing in severe pneumonia: a retrospective review.

Background: The precise identification of the underlying causes of infectious diseases, such as severe pneumonia, is essential, and the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enhanced the effectiveness of pathogen detection. However, there is limited information on the systematic assessment of the clinical use of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in cases of severe pneumonia.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 130 patients with severe pneumonia treated in the ICU from June 2022 to June 2023.

Sucrose Stearates Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions: Gastrointestinal Fate, Cell Cytotoxicity and Proinflammatory Effects after Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.

Different structural composition ratios of sucrose stearates with hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance (HLB) values ranging from 1 to 16 on lipolysis in emulsion were investigated using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Results showed a direct correlation between the HLB values of sucrose stearates and the lipolysis rate of emulsions, and a lower HLB value led to diminished lipolysis in the GIT simulation model. Mechanism study indicated that poor emulsifying capacity of sucrose stearates and lipolysis of sucrose stearates with lower HLB value inhibited the digestive behavior of oil.

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolic relationships and reaction mechanisms in SBBR processes in the plateau habitat.

In this study, two laboratory-scale SBBR reactors were established in a plateau habitat. Using high flux sequencing, the SBBR process was compared by natural sediment and autotrophic sludge to characterize the functional modules and functional genes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolism under different working conditions and to analyze the reaction mechanism. The results showed that all the functional modules of carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were found in the SBBR process, except for methane metabolism, which occurred at 25 °C in tank 2, the functional modules related to methane metabolism are enhanced at all working conditions.

Highly anisotropic and elastic cellulosic scaffold guiding cell orientation and osteogenic differentiation via topological and mechanical cues.

Inspired by the similarity of anisotropic channels in wood to the canals of bone, the elastic wood-derived (EW) scaffolds with anisotropic channels were prepared via simple delignification treatment of natural wood (NW). We hypothesize that the degree of delignification will lead to differences in mechanical properties of scaffolds, which in turn directly affect the behaviors and fate of stem cells. The delignification process did not destroy the anisotropic channel structure of the scaffolds, but endowed the scaffolds with good elasticity and rapid stress relaxation.

Semiparametric multivariate joint model for skewed-longitudinal and survival data: A Bayesian approach.

Joint models and statistical inference for longitudinal and survival data have been an active area of statistical research and have mostly coupled a longitudinal biomarker-based mixed-effects model with normal distribution and an event time-based survival model. In practice, however, the following issues may standout: (i) Normality of model error in longitudinal models is a routine assumption, but it may be unrealistically violating data features of subject variations. (ii) Data collected are often featured by the mixed types of multiple longitudinal outcomes which are significantly correlated, ignoring their correlation may lead to biased estimation.

Body mass index and carpal tunnel syndrome: A case-control study.

To investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to evaluate the relationship between electrophysiological indexes and body mass index (BMI). In the analysis of 153 hospitalized patients with CTS, the median motor conduction velocity, motor conduction amplitude, motor conduction latency, sensor conduction velocity, sensor conduction amplitude and median sensory latency were analyzed. BMI was calculated.

Susceptibility Analysis of Glacier Debris Flow Based on Remote Sensing Imagery and Deep Learning: A Case Study along the G318 Linzhi Section.

Glacial debris flow is a common natural disaster, and its frequency has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous retreat of glaciers caused by global warming. To reduce the damage caused by glacial debris flows to human and physical properties, glacier susceptibility assessment analysis is needed. Most research efforts consider the effect of existing glacier area and ignore the effect of glacier ablation volume change.

Comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 4 weekly formulations of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycemic control, including glycemic control, by using a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until June 10, 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) enrolling participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 and a follow-up of at least 12 weeks were included, for which 4 eligible GLP-1RAs Exenatide, Dulaglutide, Semaglutide, Loxenatide were compared with either each other or placebo.

Highly Elastic and Anisotropic Wood-Derived Composite Scaffold with Antibacterial and Angiogenic Activities for Bone Repair.

Scaffold-based tissue engineering is a promising strategy to address the rapidly growing demand for bone implants, but developing scaffolds with bone extracellular matrix-like structures, suitable mechanical properties, and multiple biological activities remains a huge challenge. Here, it is aimed to develop a wood-derived composite scaffold with an anisotropic porous structure, high elasticity, and good antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities. First, natural wood is treated with an alkaline solution to obtain a wood-derived scaffold with an oriented cellulose skeleton and high elasticity, which can not only simulate collagen fiber skeleton in bone tissue but also greatly improve the convenience of clinical implantation.

The Effect of Multiple Factors on Working Memory Capacities: Aging, Task Difficulty, and Training.

Goal: Working memory (WM) is a memory system with a limited capacity that can process and store information temporarily in the performing of cognitive tasks. Despite WM is known to be influenced by age, the difficulty of tasks and trained or not from behavior studies, little is known about their relationships from the aspect of the brain functional network. Our goal was to explore the factor of aging-related changes of WM with brain functional networks.

Quantile-Adaptive Sufficient Variable Screening by Controlling False Discovery.

Sufficient variable screening rapidly reduces dimensionality with high probability in ultra-high dimensional modeling. To rapidly screen out the null predictors, a quantile-adaptive sufficient variable screening framework is developed by controlling the false discovery. Without any specification of an actual model, we first introduce a compound testing procedure based on the conditionally imputing marginal rank correlation at different quantile levels of response to select active predictors in high dimensionality.

Photocurable liquid crystal hydrogels with different chargeability and tunable viscoelasticity based on chitin whiskers.

We develop a kind of photocurable liquid crystal hydrogels with bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-like liquid crystal state and viscoelasticity, as well as different chargeability. First, positively charged chitin whiskers (CHWs) and negatively charged maleic anhydride chitin whiskers (mCHWs) were prepared, which further self-assemble to form chiral nematic liquid crystals under ultrasonic treatment, respectively. Subsequently, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and photo initiator were added, and then two kinds of liquid crystal hydrogels with bone ECM-like viscoelasticity and different chargeability were prepared under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.

Pannier is a key regulator of embryogenesis, pupal development and female reproduction in the insect pest Bactrocera dorsalis.

Background: Most arthropods are famous for their large reproductive capacity, with the ovary playing a vital role in the process. The study of the regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development may have the potential for a reproduction-based pest management strategy. GATA-binding transcription factors (GATAs) as important regulatory factors mediate many physiological processes, including development, immunity, insecticide resistance and reproduction.

Drug-Loaded and Anisotropic Wood-Derived Hydrogel Periosteum with Super Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Osteogenic Activities.

Current artificial periostea mainly focus on osteogenic activity but overlook structural and mechanical anisotropy, as well as the importance of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, inspired by the anisotropic structure of wood, the delignified wood (named white wood, WW) with a porous and highly oriented cellulose fiber skeleton was obtained, which was further filled with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel loaded with curcumin (Cur) and phytic acid (PA). The prepared wood-derived hydrogel composite membranes can not only exhibit an obvious anisotropic structure and good mechanical properties but also sustainably release loaded drugs to obtain long-term biological activities.

Translation and validation of the Chinese ABCD risk questionnaire to evaluate adults' awareness and knowledge of the risks of cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Assessment of health beliefs and risk perception is a critical means to prevent coronary heart disease, but there are few such studies on assessment in the Chinese population. Given the demonstrated value and widespread use of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire (ABCD), this study was designed to translate it into Chinese, and to evaluate its reliability and validity in a Chinese population.

Methods: The Chinese version of the ABCD was created using the Beaton translation model, which included forward and backward translation.

PFKP alleviates glucose starvation-induced metabolic stress in lung cancer cells via AMPK-ACC2 dependent fatty acid oxidation.

Cancer cells adopt metabolic reprogramming to promote cell survival under metabolic stress. A key regulator of cell metabolism is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which promotes catabolism while suppresses anabolism. However, the underlying mechanism of AMPK in handling metabolic stress in cancer remains to be fully understood.

Bayesian Joint Modeling of Multivariate Longitudinal and Survival Data With an Application to Diabetes Study.

Joint models of longitudinal and time-to-event data have received a lot of attention in epidemiological and clinical research under a linear mixed-effects model with the normal assumption for a single longitudinal outcome and Cox proportional hazards model. However, those model-based analyses may not provide robust inference when longitudinal measurements exhibit skewness and/or heavy tails. In addition, the data collected are often featured by multivariate longitudinal outcomes which are significantly correlated, and ignoring their correlation may lead to biased estimation.

WIPI2 positively regulates mitophagy by promoting mitochondrial recruitment of VCP.

The mammalian Atg18 ortholog WIPI2 is a key regulator of LC3 lipidation to promote autophagosome biogenesis during nonselective macroautophagy, while its functions in selective autophagy such as mitophagy remain largely unexplored. In this study, we explored the role of WIPI2 in PINK1-PRKN/parkin-mediated mitophagy. First, we found that WIPI2 is recruited to damaged mitochondria upon mitophagy induction.

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The current diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly based on the typical clinical manifestations. However, 60% dopaminergic neurons have died when the typical clinical manifestations occur. Predictive neurobiomarkers may help identify those PD patients having non-motor disorders or in different stage and achieving the aim of early diagnosis.

Macrophages promote cartilage regeneration in a time- and phenotype-dependent manner.

Immune regulation of osteochondral defect regeneration has not yet been rigorously characterized. Although macrophages have been demonstrated to regulate the regeneration process in various tissues, their direct contribution to cartilage regeneration remains to be investigated, particularly the functions of polarized macrophage subpopulations. In this study, we investigated the origins and functions of macrophages during healing of osteochondral injury in the murine model.

Construction of Two-Dimensional Fluorescent Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets for the Detection and Removal of Nitrophenols.

In this work, we synthesized a two-dimensional fluorescent covalent-organic framework (TFPB-TTA COF) nanosheet by selecting and designing reactive monomers to realize the dual-functional processing of nitrophenols. The staggered benzene ring, triazine structure, and imine bond (C═N) of the TFPB-TTA COF can capture free nitrophenols through hydrogen bonding and conjugation interaction, and then, the photoinduced electron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the TFPB-TTA COF and nitrophenols affects the fluorescence emission of the TFPB-TTA COF, realizing the fluorescence sensing of nitrophenols. The large values and the low detection limit suggest that the TFPB-TTA COF can serve as sensitive and selective fluorescence sensors for nitrophenol detection in an aqueous system.