Optimizing the low-temperature performance of high-wax-content crude oil with emulsion-based wax inhibitors: Mechanisms and efficacy.

Wax deposition in constant-temperature transportation of waxy oil with high pour points poses a significant challenge for the oil industry. The demand for efficient methods to solve wax deposition has gained attention. To elucidate the impact of emulsion-based wax inhibitors on the performance of crude oils with varying wax content at low temperatures, experiments, rheological analyses, and microscopic analyses were conducted to study their pour point regulation, low-temperature flow improvement, wax prevention effectiveness, and wax crystallization behavior.

The Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Anionic and Zwitterionic Surfactant on Viscosity Reduction in Heavy O/W Emulsions.

The high viscosity of heavy crude oil has been an obstacle to its safe production and economic transportation. In this work, a screened emulsified viscosity reducer system is conducted. Experimental results demonstrate that the most effective viscosity reducing agent comprises sodium oleate (NaOl) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35) in a ratio of 1:2, achieving a viscosity reduction rate of 94.

Predictive Model of Restart-Up Pressure Drop after Shutdown for Heavy Oil-Water Ring Transportation Pipeline.

Aiming at the problem of restart-up for a heavy oil-water ring transportation pipeline due to instability and damage of the water ring, based on the self-developed design of a small indoor loop simulation experimental device and taking four kinds of ordinary heavy oil in the Lvda oilfield as the research object, the change trend of restart-up pressure drop with time is experimentally studied when the pipeline is restarted-up after shutdown at a constant water flow. On the basis of the regression analysis of the orthogonal restart-up experimental data of four factors (oil holdup, oil viscosity, standstill period, and water cleaning superficial velocity) and mixed levels by the statistical product and service solutions statistical analysis software, a multivariate nonlinear restart-up maximum pressure drop prediction model is established. Through analysis of the characteristics of each stage of the restart-up process, an exponential decay model of restart-up pressure drop with time is created.

Determination of the Transportation Limits of Heavy Crude Oil Using Three Combined Methods of Heating, Water Blending, and Dilution.

Conventional methods for pipeline transportation of heavy or extraheavy crude oils adopt heating, water blending, and dilution, and several methods are generally required to be used simultaneously to ensure normal transportation. However, how to determine the optimal transport boundary conditions for heavy oils is still one of the technical challenges. In this paper, the circulating piping experiment at different water contents (0-90 wt % with an interval of 10 wt %) and temperatures (65-90 °C with an interval of 5 °C) of three heavy oils from the Xinjiang oilfield is carried out.