Observation of Anomalous Hall Effect in Collinear Antiferromagnet IrMn.

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a transport phenomenon typically observed in ferromagnetic materials with broken time-reversal symmetry . Recently, the AHE has been observed in several archetype antiferromagnets (AFMs), including altermagnets, and AFMs with noncollinear, noncoplanar or canted Néel order, due to the breaking of joint symmetry of sublattice-transposing and time-reversal operation. However, the AHE is generally not allowed in collinear AFMs due to symmetry constraints.

Fecal bacterial biomarkers and blood biochemical indicators as potential key factors in the development of colorectal cancer.

Unlabelled: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been increasing in recent decades. Current methods for CRC screening have their own drawbacks, thus there is an urgent need to identify the key microbes that drive the development of CRC for wider application in the early detection and prevention of CRC. To address this issue, we performed fecal microbiome analysis by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene combined with blood biochemical indicators in patients with CRC stages I, II, III, and IV, healthy people, and patients with polyps.

Targeting mesothelin-CD24 axis repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages to potentiate PD-1 blockade therapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Background: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a highly aggressive malignancy marked by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders effective immune responses. A key feature of this environment is the extensive infiltration of myeloid cells, which contributes to immune evasion. This study explored how mesothelin (MSLN), a tumor-associated antigen, modulates the expression of CD24, an emerging target for immune modulation, and its role in promoting immune evasion in HGSOC.

Trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid alleviates vascular fibrosis in obese mice.

Controlling food intake and improving fat distribution are crucial for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) can inhibit fat deposition and facilitate bodyweight reduction, suggesting its potential to safeguard against cardiovascular disease. The transgenic (tg) mice, which inserted Pai expression cassette into the Rosa26 locus, can produce endogenous t10c12-CLA.

Universal Analysis Method for Metamaterial-Based Wireless Power Transfer with Arbitrary Energy Source Waveforms: Application to Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Metamaterial-based wireless power transfer (MM-WPT) analysis has attracted substantial attention due to its great application potential. However, traditional MM-WPT analysis is constrained by frequency domain approaches which are suitable only for infinitely extended periodic signals or fixed-frequency sine waves but not suitable for complex waveforms of various energy sources. This paper presents an innovative time-domain system analysis method for MM-WPT systems tailored to evaluate energy sources with arbitrary waveforms.

On-demand spatial modes and vortex beams from a visible Pr:YLF orbital Poincaré laser with a hybrid pumping scheme.

The controlled visible spatial modes and vortex beams with tunable properties are highly sought after in cutting-edge applications, such as optical communication. In this study, by utilizing a hybrid pumping scheme, we demonstrate an ultra-compact, 607 nm orbital Poincaré laser based on a diode-pumped Pr:YLF laser. The system can generate various structured modes, including Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), Hermite-Gaussian (HG), and Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian (HLG), all of which are mapped onto a first-order orbital Poincaré sphere.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealing mechanotransduction via the Hippo/YAP pathway in promoting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis development.

Objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible and fatal interstitial lung disease, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion that disrupts normal alveolar structure. This study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of IPF development.

Methods: Firstly, we compared the transcriptome and single-cell sequencing data from lung tissue samples of patients with IPF and healthy individuals.

Ultrafast humidity sensor and transient humidity detections in high dynamic environments.

Limited by the adsorption and diffusion rate of water molecules, traditional humidity sensors, such as those based on polymer electrolytes, porous ceramics, and metal oxides, typically have long response times, which hinder their application in monitoring transient humidity changes. Here we present an ultrafast humidity sensor with a millisecond-level response. The sensor is prepared by assembling monolayer graphene oxide quantum dots on silica microspheres using a simple electrostatic self-assembly technique.

GaN/CuI heterostructure ultraviolet photovoltaic detector for low-power optical communication.

In this work, a planar structured GaN/CuI heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD) with a self-powered manner was constructed by the spin-coating method. Both UVA and UVC waveband lights were precisely detected by this designed GaN/CuI PD. Irradiated upon 365 nm UVA light, our PD device performed decent self-powered photoresponse properties with a photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 1.

Differentiating low-carbon waste management strategies for bio-based and biodegradable plastics under various energy decarbonization scenarios.

Bio-based and biodegradable (bio-)plastics are heralded as a key solution to mitigate plastic pollution and reduce CO emissions. Yet, their end-of-life treatments embodies complex energy and material interactions, potentially leading to emissions through incineration or recycling. This study investigates the cradle-to-grave, emphasizing the waste management stage, carbon footprint for several types of bio-plastics, leveraging both GWP100a and CO uptake methods to explore the carbon reduction benefits of recycling over disposal.

Artificial intelligence algorithms for real-time detection of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy: a review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Early detection and removal of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy are crucial for preventing such cancers. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, it has become possible to detect and localize colorectal polyps in real time during colonoscopy using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD).

A platform for multimodal pooled genetic screens reveals regulators of liver function.

Organ function requires coordinated activities of thousands of genes in distinct, spatially organized cell types. Understanding the basis of emergent tissue function requires approaches to dissect the genetic control of diverse cellular and tissue phenotypes . Here, we develop paired imaging and sequencing methods to construct large-scale, multi-modal genotype-phenotypes maps in tissue with pooled genetic perturbations.

Trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid in low concentration reduces while in high concentration enhances adipocyte metabolism but effectively improves hepatic steatosis of obese mice.

Trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA)-producing mice were used to investigate the antiobesity of obese males. Compared to wild-type littermates, high concentration t10c12-CLA in biallelic Pai/Pai mice reduced fat by up-regulation lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT). In contrast, low concentration t10c12-CLA in monoallelic Pai/wt mice could not reduce fat for down-regulation lipid metabolism in WAT.

Siglec-15 as a potential molecule involved in osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism.

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is a well-conserved type I transmembrane protein of the Siglecs family, distributed in macrophages and dendritic cells in the human spleen and lymph nodes. As an immune receptor, Siglec-15 is expressed in almost all branches of the spinal cord. Siglec-15 participates in the metabolism of the skeleton by regulating osteoclast activity and differentiation and has an influential role in dynamic bone remodelling.

Fucoidan-derived carbon dots as nanopenetrants of blood-brain barrier for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) stands as a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. However, current pharmacotherapies for PD face challenges due to inadequate penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), posing limitations on their therapeutic efficacy. Considering the potential of negatively charged carbon dots (CDs) in retaining functional groups from precursor molecules and vertically crossing the BBB, this study focuses on the utilization of fucoidan (FD), a promising pharmaceutical candidate with neuroprotective effects on dopamine-active neurons, for the development of negatively charged CDs through a one-step hydrothermal method, aiming to achieve efficient BBB penetration for PD treatment.

An ultrasensitive multimodal intracranial pressure biotelemetric system enabled by exceptional point and iontronics.

The accurate monitoring of vital physiological parameters, exemplified by heart rate, respiratory rate, and intracranial pressure (ICP), is of paramount importance, particularly for managing severe cranial injuries. Despite the rapid development of implantable ICP sensing systems over the past decades, they still suffer from, for example, wire connection, low sensitivity, poor resolution, and the inability to monitor multiple variables simultaneously. Here, we propose an ultrasensitive multimodal biotelemetric system that amalgamates an iontronic pressure transducer with exceptional point (EP) operation for the monitoring of ICP signals.

Ex-ante life cycle evaluation of spent lithium-ion battery recovery: Modeling of complex environmental and economic impacts.

The recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for promoting the closed-loop sustainable development of the LIB industry. However, progress in LIB recycling technologies is slow. There are significant gaps between academic research and industrial application, which hinder the industrialization of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones.

Enhancing organ and vascular contrast in preclinical ultra-low field MRI using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are characterized by their exceptional susceptibility and relaxivity at ultra-low field (ULF) regimes, make them a promising contrast agent (CA) for ULF MRI. Despite their distinct advantages, the translation of these properties into clinically valuable image contrast in ULF MRI remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate the use of SPIONs to generate in vivo MRI contrast at 6.

An instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator and the human body.

Self-powered sensors are pivotal in sectors like space exploration, industrial monitoring, and particularly health surveillance, owing to their independence from external power sources. However, their energy utilization efficiency is hindered by complex energy conversion processes, leading to brief operational durations and significant data loss. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), capable of converting mechanical energy from friction into electricity, present a solution by enabling single-cycle sensing and transmission, thus promoting instantaneous wireless sensing.

Predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm neonates with low-grade germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage using synthetic MRI.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the predictive capability of synthetic MRI in assessing neurodevelopmental outcomes for extremely preterm neonates with low-grade Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). The study also investigates the potential enhancement of predictive performance by combining relaxation times from different brain regions.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 80 extremely preterm neonates with GMH-IVH underwent synthetic MRI around 38 weeks, between January 2020 and June 2022.

Optimising design and operation of sewage source heat pump: techno-economic and environmental assessment.

Heat pump can be used to recover abundant thermal energy contained in the discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plants. While there are some design standards for common heat pump systems, the design of a sewage source heat pump (SSHP) system is still often based on a fixed heat load and neglects the interdependencies between the equipment sizing and operating parameters. To address the issue that previous design methods have not balanced investment and operational costs well from a global optimisation perspective, this work formulates the simultaneous optimisation of SSHP design and operation as a non-linear programming problem.

Conformational Landscape of NADH and Ion Binding in Water/DMSO Mixtures via P NMR Spectroscopy.

This study reports on the conformational states of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in water/DMSO mixtures and examines the influence of ion binding. We observe evidence of conformational changes through a series of NMR techniques, including P NMR relaxation ( and ), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments. The observed variation of the conformational states is indicative of the solvent's influence on NADH's structural flexibility.

Oxymatrine Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis through Inhibiting Pyroptosis Mediated by the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult to cure and easy to relapse, leading to poor quality of life for patients. Oxymatrine (OMT) is one of the main alkaloids of Aiton, which has many effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and immunosuppression. This study aimed to investigate whether OMT could attenuate ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing three (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Droplet Micro-Sensor and Detection of Respiratory Droplet Transmission.

Droplet transmission is the primary infection route for respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and influenza, but small and low-cost wearable droplet detection devices are a significant challenge. Herein, a respiratory droplet micro-sensor based on graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) assembled onto SiO microspheres by the nebulized natural deposition is presented. Benefiting from the energy dissipation of the microsphere to droplets, the sensor can detect droplets as far as 2 m from coughing.