Alkali burn injury model of meibomian gland dysfunction in mice.

Aim: To establish a stable, short-time, low-cost and reliable murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods: A filter paper sheet soaked in 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used to touch the eyelid margin of C57BL/6J mice for 10s to establish the model.

In vitro killing effect of berberine and niclosamide on ocular Demodex folliculorum.

Purpose: To explore the in vitro killing effect of water-soluble berberine and lipid-soluble niclosamide against ocular Demodex folliculorum.

Methods: Demodex with good vigor were collected from patients' eyelashes. These mites were randomly distributed into different groups with 20 mites in each group.

Revamping anti-cGAS-STING therapy via an injectable thermo-responsive supramolecular hydrogel for pathological retinal angiogenesis.

Retinal neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness. While current anti-VEGF drugs effectively inhibit pathological angiogenesis, some patients develop resistance or reduced responsiveness to treatments over time, leading to diminished effectiveness. In this study, we identified high activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which exacerbated pathological neovascularization and vessel leakage.

Drug-associated glaucoma: A real-world study based on the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system database.

Background: This study aims to assess the risk of drug-associated glaucoma and track its epidemiological characteristics using real-world data.

Methods: Adverse event reports from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to December 2023 were analysed. Disproportionality analysis and the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network algorithm were used.

Targeting Nrf2 signaling in dry eye.

Dry eye, the most common ocular surface disease, can cause ocular surface tissue damage and discomfort symptoms and seriously affect people's quality of life. The etiology of dry eye is diverse, and its pathogenesis is complex. The oxidative stress reaction is considered to be among the important factors in the pathogenesis of dry eye.

Real-World Large Sample Assessment of Drug-related Dry Eye Risk: Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database.

Purpose And Design: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of drug-related dry eye using real-world data, underscoring the significance of tracing pharmacological etiology for distinct clinical types of dry eye.

Methods: Analyzing adverse event reports in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to September 2023, we employed disproportionality analysis and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network algorithm. The analysis involved categorizing drugs causing dry eye, assessing risk levels, and conducting segmental assessments based on the time of onset of drug-related dry eye adverse reactions.

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire.

Aim: To psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire (DEQS-CHN) among Chinese patients with dry eye.

Methods: This study involved 231 participants, including 191 with dry eye disease (DED) comprising the dry eye disease group, and 40 healthy participants forming the control group. Participants were required to complete the DEQS-CHN, and Chinese dry eye questionnaire and undergo clinical tests including the fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I test.

Drug-Related Keratitis: A Real-World FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the drug risk of drug-related keratitis and track the epidemiological characteristics of drug-related keratitis.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the U.S.

Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions.

Dry eye, recognized as the most prevalent ocular surface disorder, has risen to prominence as a significant public health issue, adversely impacting the quality of life for individuals across the globe. Despite decades of extensive research into the chronic inflammation that characterizes dry eye, the intricate mechanisms fueling this persistent inflammatory state remain incompletely understood. Among the various cellular components under investigation, mitochondria-essential for cellular energy production and homeostasis-have attracted increasing attention for their role in dry eye pathogenesis.

Unleashing Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Dry Eye: Targeting ROS and the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway with Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids.

Dry eye affects majority of the global population, causing significant discomfort or even visual impairment, of which inflammation plays a crucial role in the deterioration process. This highlights the need for effective and safe anti-inflammatory treatments to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. This study focuses on the potential of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA), a self-assembled nucleic acid material, as a simple and rapid treatment for oxidative stress and inflammation-induced disorders associated with dry eye.

Uveal melanoma distant metastasis prediction system: A retrospective observational study based on machine learning.

Uveal melanoma (UM) patients face a significant risk of distant metastasis, closely tied to a poor prognosis. Despite this, there is a dearth of research utilizing big data to predict UM distant metastasis. This study leveraged machine learning methods on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to forecast the risk probability of distant metastasis.

Berberine ameliorate inflammation and apoptosis via modulating PI3K/AKT/NFκB and MAPK pathway on dry eye.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in ocular surface, and inflammation plays an etiological role. Berberine (BBR) has shown efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases. Yet, there was no adequate information related to the therapeutic effects of BBR for DED.

The cGAS-STING pathway-dependent sensing of mitochondrial DNA mediates ocular surface inflammation.

The innate immune response is the main pathophysiological process of ocular surface diseases exposed to multiple environmental stresses. The epithelium is central to the innate immune response, but whether and how innate immunity is initiated by ocular epithelial cells in response to various environmental stresses in ocular surface diseases, such as dry eye, is still unclear. By utilizing two classic experimental dry eye models-a mouse ocular surface treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and a mouse model with surgically removed extraorbital lachrymal glands, as well as dry eye patient samples-along with human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) exposed to hyperosmolarity, we have discovered a novel innate immune pathway in ocular surface epithelial cells.

MAP4Ks inhibition promotes retinal neuron regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice.

Mammalian Müller glia (MG) possess limited regenerative capacities. However, the intrinsic capacity of mammalian MG to transdifferentiate to generate mature neurons without transgenic manipulations remains speculative. Here we show that MAP4K4, MAP4K6 and MAP4K7, which are conserved Misshapen subfamily of ste20 kinases homologs, repress YAP activity in mammalian MG and therefore restrict their ability to be reprogrammed.

Accurate detection and grading of pterygium through smartphone by a fusion training model.

Background/aims: To improve the accuracy of pterygium screening and detection through smartphones, we established a fusion training model by blending a large number of slit-lamp image data with a small proportion of smartphone data.

Method: Two datasets were used, a slit-lamp image dataset containing 20 987 images and a smartphone-based image dataset containing 1094 images. The RFRC (Faster RCNN based on ResNet101) model for the detection model.

Can the cGAS-STING Pathway Play a Role in the Dry Eye?

Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases in the world and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. As an immune-related disease, the mechanism of dry eye has still not been fully elucidated. The cGAS-STING pathway is a recently discovered pathway that plays an important role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases by recognizing dsDNA.

Sleep deprivation induces corneal epithelial progenitor cell over-expansion through disruption of redox homeostasis in the tear film.

Sleep deficiency, a common public health problem, causes ocular discomfort and affects ocular surface health. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we identified that short-term sleep deprivation (SD) resulted in hyperproliferation of corneal epithelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) in mice.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Affects Lacrimal Gland Function.

Purpose: To determine the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) on lacrimal gland function and its mechanism.

Methods: Male mice aged seven to eight weeks were housed in cages with cyclic intermittent hypoxia to mimic OSA, and the control group was kept in a normal environment. Slit-lamp observation, fluorescein staining, and corneal sensitivity detection are used to assess cornea changes.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies a Unique Entity and Signature Markers of Transit-Amplifying Cells in Human Corneal Limbus.

Purpose: Differentiated from adult stem cells (ASCs), transit-amplifying cells (TACs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis, development, and regeneration. This study aimed to characterize the gene expression profile of a candidate TAC population in limbal basal epithelial cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Methods: Single cells isolated from the basal corneal limbus were subjected to scRNA-seq using the 10x Genomics platform.

Role of CD4+ T Helper Cells in the Development of BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome in Mice.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of CD4+ T helper cells in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced ocular surface disorder in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods: Topical 0.075% BAC was applied twice daily in C57BL/6 mice for 7 consecutive days; PBS-treated and untreated mice served as controls.