NOTCH signaling inhibition after DAPT treatment exacerbates alveolar echinococcosis hepatic fibrosis by blocking M1 and enhancing M2 polarization.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a lethal helminthic liver disease caused by persistent infection with Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Although more and more attention has been paid to the macrophages in E.

Monocyte-derived macrophages: The supplements of hepatic macrophage in Echinococcus multilocularis infected mice.

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis is a potentially lethal zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. This study is to investigate the dynamic changes of monocytes, macrophages, and related cytokines in animal models of persistent infection of E. multilocularis.

Epidemiological Survey on Echinococcosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

Background: According to the latest data, the detection rate of echinococcus in Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County was 3.7%. The objective of this study is to further investigate the epidemiology of echinococcosis in Ho-boksar Mongol Autonomous County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China and provide the scientific evidence for preventive and control measures.

Correction: Histone demethylase LSD1 restricts influenza A virus infection by erasing IFITM3-K88 monomethylation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

The role of regulatory B cells in Echinococcus granulosus-infected mice.

To investigate the phenotypic changes of the expression level of regulatory B cells and related molecules during the continuous infection of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) in mice and its relationship with E. granulosus infection and its immune effect.

Kupffer Cells: Important Participant of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis.

Kupffer cells (KCs) are the liver-resident macrophages and play a leading role in the regulation of liver homeostasis in physiological conditions and in pathology. The study aims to investigate the anti-echinococcosis effect of KCs and the effects of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation in the progression of liver fibrosis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (hepatic AE). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to assess the pathological inflammatory changes and collagen deposition, respectively.

H1N1 Virus Production and Infection.

Influenza A virus is a member of orthomyxoviridae family causing wide-spread infections in human respiratory tract. Mouse infection model is widely used in antiviral research and pathogenesis study against influenza A virus. Here, we report a protocol in infected mice with different virus doses and strains to explore how an inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1) impacts disease progression.

Correction: Histone demethylase LSD1 restricts influenza A virus infection by erasing IFITM3-K88 monomethylation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 promotes B-cell lymphoma progression via hydroxylation of Carabin.

B-cell lymphomas are heterogeneous blood disorders with limited therapeutic options, largely because of their propensity to relapse and become refractory to treatments. Carabin, a key suppressor of B-cell receptor signaling and proliferation, is inactivated in B-cell lymphoma by unknown mechanisms. Here, we identify prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 (P4HA2) as a specific proline hydroxylase of Carabin.

Histone demethylase LSD1 restricts influenza A virus infection by erasing IFITM3-K88 monomethylation.

The histone demethylase LSD1 has been known as a key transcriptional coactivator for DNA viruses such as herpes virus. Inhibition of LSD1 was found to block viral genome transcription and lytic replication of DNA viruses. However, RNA virus genomes do not rely on chromatin structure and histone association, and the role of demethylase activity of LSD1 in RNA virus infections is not anticipated.

Human cytomegalovirus exploits interferon-induced transmembrane proteins to facilitate morphogenesis of the virion assembly compartment.

Unlabelled: Recently, interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) have been identified to be key effector molecules in the host type I interferon defense system. The invasion of host cells by a large range of RNA viruses is inhibited by IFITMs during the entry step. However, the roles of IFITMs in DNA virus infections have not been studied in detail.

[Different Echinococcus granulosus antigens induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in dendritic cells].

Objective: To observe the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in dendritic cells (DCs) via different Echinococcus granulosus antigens in vitro.

Methods: Bone Marrow DCs generated from bone marrow precursor cells of C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of recombinant mouse GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF). Then, DCs were induced with 15 microg/ml recombinant antigen B (rAgB), 5 mg/ml mouse hydatid fluid (MHF), 1,000 U/ml IFN-gamma (as positive control), and RPMI 1640 complete medium (as negative control), respectively.

[Clinical effect and safety of liposomal-albendazole and tablet-albendazole for the treatment of human cystic echinococcosis].

Objective: To explore and compare the clinical effect and safety of liposomal albendazole (L-ABZ) and tablet-albendazole (T-ABZ) in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis (CE1, CE2, and CE3).

Methods: A total of 269 cases treated with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Xinjiang Medical University the First Affiliated Hospital from 1998 to 2008 were reviewed. 51 cases were excluded and 218 cases were enrolled in this research by retrospective case-control method.

[Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen B induced IDO expression in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro].

Objective: To observe the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) after adding Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigen B (rAgB) in vitro.

Methods: CD11c+ DCs generated from bone marrow precursor cells of C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of recombinant mouse GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF). The morphology of DCs was observed by inverted microscope and scanning electronic microscope.