Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus alleviate the intestinal barrier injury and oxidative stress damage in vitro and in vivo.

This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (fCSSc) on the intestinal barrier injury and oxidative stress damage in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that fCS-Sc protected the intestinal barrier and improved the antioxidant function in HO damaged Caco-2 cells via up-regulating the tight junction proteins and activating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway. Furthermore, administration fCS-Sc could ameliorate the weight loss and spleen index decrease in Cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated mice, improve the expressions of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Nrf2, SOD, and NQO-1 in Cy damaged colon tissue, showing significant protective effects against intestinal barrier damage and oxidative stress in vivo.

The activation effects of fucoidan from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus on RAW264.7 cells via TLR2/4-NF-κB pathway and its structure-activity relationship.

Sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus is a traditional tonic food with high nutritive value in Southern China. Fucoidan from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (Fuc-Sc) is its main bio-active polysaccharide, the immune-activation effects of which have been fully investigated on RAW264.7 cells in the present study.

Immunomodulatory effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Stichopus chloronotus on RAW 264.7 cells.

Sea cucumbers were nutritional food and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (fCS-Sc), a potential anticoagulant agent and immunological adjuvant, was investigated for its immune activation effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage for the first time.

Structure characterization, antioxidant and immunoregulatory properties of a novel fucoidan from the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus.

The detailed chemical structure and chain conformation of a novel fucoidan from the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus (Fuc-Sc) were investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR spectroscopy and multi-angle light scattering. It mainly consisted of l-fucose and sulfate esters at mole ratio of 1.0:1.

Chain conformation, physicochemical properties of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus and its in vitro fermentation by human gut microbiota.

This study investigated the chain conformation, physicochemical properties of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Stichopus chloronotus (fCS-Sc) using HPSEC-MALLS and worm-like cylinder model methods and its impact on human gut microbiota by 16s RNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that fCS-Sc adopted rigid rods chain conformation in PBS based on chain conformational parameters α (1.11) and α (0.

Comparison of chain conformation properties of bio-active fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from two different sea cucumbers.

The present studies aimed to investigate the chain conformation of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from two different sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (fCS-Aj), and Holothuria mexicana (fCS-Hm). The chain conformations were determined by SEC-MALLS-Visc-RI, indicating that the chain conformations of fCS-Aj and fCS-Hm were random coil and extended linear chain structure in PBS, respectively. Our results suggested that the formation of linear chain of fCS were due to a synergistic effect of molecular weight, sulfate content and sulfation patterns.

Polyanionic holothurian glycosaminoglycans-doxorubicin nanocomplex as a delivery system for anticancer drugs.

A nanoscale delivery system for the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) by complexation with depolymerized polyanionic holothurian glycosaminoglycans (DHG) was designed in the present studies. The physicochemical properties of the nanocomplexes were investigated by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential determination. DHG-DOX interaction was investigated in the presence of ethanol as a hydrogen-bond disrupting agent and NaCl as an electrostatic shielding agent.

Structural comparison, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate of three edible sea cucumbers.

Three fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS) were obtained from edible sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus, Stichopus chloronotus and Acaudina molpadioidea collected from China. fCS from Stichopus chloronotus was firstly reported. The detailed structures of fCSs, particularly the fucose branches, were investigated and compared.

Preparation and antioxidant properties of low molecular holothurian glycosaminoglycans by HO/ascorbic acid degradation.

An effective method of free radical degradation induced by HO/ascorbic acid, which was different from previously reported HO/Cu method, was developed to depolymerize a novel glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria mexicana (HmG). The results indicated that the degradation efficiency increased with the reduced solution concentration, increased HO concentration and ascorbic acid concentration. The chemical composition and structure of different molecular HmG were analyzed.

Purification, structural characterization and anticoagulant properties of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from Holothuria mexicana.

A novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (HmG) was isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria mexicana, the structure of which was characterized by monosaccharide composition, disaccharide composition, IR, H and C NMR spectrum, additionally with two dimensional NMR spectrum of degraded HmG (DHmG). The backbone of HmG was identified as chondroitin 6-O sulfate, while the major O-4 sulfated fucose branches linked to O-3 position of glucuronic acid in almost every disaccharide unit. The anticoagulant activities of HmG and DHmG were assessed and compared with heparin and low molecular weight heparin.

RETRACTED: In vivo and in vitro antithrombus activities of depolymerized holothurian polysaccharides.

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