Mitochondrial transplantation: a promising strategy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.

The retina, a crucial neural tissue, is responsible for transforming light signals into visual information, a process that necessitates a significant amount of energy. Mitochondria, the primary powerhouses of the cell, play an integral role in retinal physiology by fulfilling the high-energy requirements of photoreceptors and secondary neurons through oxidative phosphorylation. In a healthy state, mitochondria ensure proper visual function by facilitating efficient conversion and transduction of visual signals.

Alterations of subcortical structural volume in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptoms.

Background: Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) with psychotic symptoms may predict more severe impairment in social functioning, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in subcortical structural volume in PBD with and without psychotic symptoms.

Methods: We recruited 24 psychotic PBD (P-PBD) patients, 24 non-psychotic PBD (NP-PBD) patients, and 18 healthy controls (HCs).

High correlated color temperature white light-emitting diodes disrupt refractive development in guinea pigs.

Ubiquitous white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) possess optical properties that differ from those of natural light. This difference can impact visual perception and biological functions, thus potentially affecting eye health. Myopia, which leads to visual impairments and potentially irreversible vision loss or blindness, is the most prevalent refractive error worldwide.

Complexin regulation of synaptic vesicle release: mechanisms in the central nervous system and specialized retinal ribbon synapses.

Synaptic ribbons, recognized for their pivotal role in conveying sensory signals in the visual pathway, are intricate assemblages of presynaptic proteins. Complexin (CPX) regulates synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release by modulating the assembly of the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, ensuring precise signal transmission in the retina and the broader central nervous system (CNS). While CPX1 or CPX2 isoforms (CPX1/2) play crucial roles in classical CNS synapses, CPX3 or CPX4 isoforms (CPX3/4) specifically regulate retinal ribbon synapses.

Alterations of subcortical structure volume in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with manic or depressive first-episode.

Background: Bipolar disorder may begin as depression or mania, which can affect the treatment and prognosis. The physiological and pathological differences among pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) patients with different onset symptoms are not clear. The aims of the present study were to investigate subcortical structural alterations in PBD patients with first-episode depressive (PBD-FED) and first-episode manic (PBD-FEM).

Axonal mitophagy in retinal ganglion cells.

Neurons, exhibiting unique polarized structures, rely primarily on the mitochondrial production of ATP to maintain their hypermetabolic energy requirements. To maintain a normal energy supply, mitochondria are transported to the distal end of the axon. When mitochondria within the axon are critically damaged beyond their compensatory capacity, they are cleared via autophagosomal phagocytosis, and the degradation products are recycled to replenish energy.

Structural and functional disruption of subcortical limbic structures related with executive function in pediatric bipolar disorder.

Background: Impaired cognition has been demonstrated in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). The subcortical limbic structures play a key role in PBD. However, alternations of anatomical and functional characteristics of subcortical limbic structures and their relationship with neurocognition of PBD remain unclear.

Differences between long- and short-wavelength light-induced retinal damage and the role of PARP-1 in retinal injury induced by blue light.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses light of different wavelengths to treat various retinal degeneration diseases, but the potential damage to the retina caused by long-term light irradiation is still unclear. This study were designed to detect the difference between long- and short-wavelength light (650-nm red light and 450-nm blue light, 2.55 mW/cm, reference intensity in PBM)-induced injury.

High correlated color temperature artificial lighting impairs retinal pigment epithelium integrity and chloride ion transport: A potential mechanism for choroidal thinning.

Among the environmental factors contributing to myopia, the role of correlated color temperature (CCT) of ambient light emerges as a key element warranting in-depth investigation. The choroid, a highly vascularized and dynamic structure, often undergoes thinning during the progression of myopia, though the precise mechanism remains elusive. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the outermost layer of the retina, plays a pivotal role in regulating the transport of ion and fluid between the subretinal space and the choroid.

The co-activation pattern between the DMN and other brain networks affects the cognition of older adults: evidence from naturalistic stimulation fMRI data.

Brain function changes affect cognitive functions in older adults, yet the relationship between cognition and the dynamic changes of brain networks during naturalistic stimulation is not clear. Here, we recruited the young, middle-aged and older groups from the Cambridge Center for Aging and Neuroscience to investigate the relationship between dynamic metrics of brain networks and cognition using functional magnetic resonance imaging data during movie-watching. We found six reliable co-activation pattern (CAP) states of brain networks grouped into three pairs with opposite activation patterns in three age groups.

Age-associated cortical similarity networks correlate with cell type-specific transcriptional signatures.

Human brain structure shows heterogeneous patterns of change across adults aging and is associated with cognition. However, the relationship between cortical structural changes during aging and gene transcription signatures remains unclear. Here, using structural magnetic resonance imaging data of two separate cohorts of healthy participants from the Cambridge Centre for Aging and Neuroscience (n = 454, 18-87 years) and Dallas Lifespan Brain Study (n = 304, 20-89 years) and a transcriptome dataset, we investigated the link between cortical morphometric similarity network and brain-wide gene transcription.

Increased regional Hurst exponent reflects response inhibition related neural complexity alterations in pediatric bipolar disorder patients during an emotional Go-Nogo task.

Fractal patterns have been shown to change in resting- and task-state blood oxygen level-dependent signals in bipolar disorder patients. However, fractal characteristics of brain blood oxygen level-dependent signals when responding to external emotional stimuli in pediatric bipolar disorder remain unclear. Blood oxygen level-dependent signals of 20 PBD-I patients and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were extracted while performing an emotional Go-Nogo task.

Immediate visual reproduction negatively correlates with brain entropy of parahippocampal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus in bipolar II disorder adolescents.

Background: Brain entropy reveals complexity and irregularity of brain, and it has been proven to reflect brain complexity alteration in disease states. Previous studies found that bipolar disorder adolescents showed cognitive impairment. The relationship between complexity of brain neural activity and cognition of bipolar II disorder (BD-II) adolescents remains unclear.

Halogen Doping Mechanism and Interface Strengthening in the NaSbS Electrolyte via Solid-State Synthesis.

Good-performing sodium solid electrolytes (SSEs) are essential for constructing all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries operating at ambient temperature. Sulfide solid electrolyte, NaSbS (NBS), an excellent SSE with good chemical stability in humid air, can be synthesized with low-cost processing. However, NaSbS-based electrolytes with liquid-phase synthesis exhibit conductivities below milli-Siemens per centimeter.

Designed anion and cation co-doped NaSb(WM)S (M = Cl, Br, I) sulfide electrolytes with an improved conductivity and stable interfacial qualities.

The fabrication of all electrolytes from noncombustible ceramic materials offers a superior option for providing safer and higher-capacity batteries to fulfill future energy needs. To achieve a competitive performance with combustible liquid electrolytes used in commercial Li-ion batteries, the creation of ceramic material compositions with a high electrical conductivity is necessary. Here, we report that co-doping with W and halogens results in a superconductivity of 13.

Sex differences in structural covariance network based on MRI cortical morphometry: effects on episodic memory.

Sex differences in episodic memory (EM), remembering past events based on when and where they occurred, have been reported, but the neural mechanisms are unclear. T1-weighted images of 111 females and 61 males were acquired from the Dallas Lifespan Brain Study. Using surface-based morphometry and structural covariance (SC) analysis, we constructed structural covariance networks (SCN) based on cortical volume, and the global efficiency (Eglob) was computed to characterize network integration.

Cortical thickness alterations are associated with astrocytes and excitatory neuron-specific transcriptome signatures in pediatric bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology that is often associated with cortical alterations. Morphometric studies in adults with BD are well established; however, few have examined cortical changes in pediatric BD (PBD). Additionally, the correlation between cortical thickness (CT) changes in PBD and gene expression remains elusive.

Enhancing the Interfacial Stability of the LiS-SiS-PS Solid Electrolyte toward Metallic Lithium Anode by LiI Incorporation.

Chalcogenide solid-state electrolytes (SEs) have been regarded as promising candidates for lithium dendrite suppression due to their high ionic conductivity, suitable mechanical strength, and large Li ion transference number. However, the wide applications of SEs in pragmatic all-solid-state batteries are still retarded by their limited interface stability, which leads to lithium dendrite growth and formation of interphase with high resistance. In addition, the interphase evolution mechanism between SEs and metallic Li anodes remains unclear.

Variable three-term conjugate gradient method for training artificial neural networks.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely adopted as general computational tools both in computer science as well as many other engineering fields. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and adaptive methods such as Adam are popular as robust optimization algorithms used to train the ANNs. However, the effectiveness of these algorithms is limited because they calculate a search direction based on a first-order gradient.

Thalamo-cortical inter-subject functional correlation during movie watching across the adult lifespan.

An increasing number of studies have shown that the functional interactions between the thalamus and cerebral cortices play an important role in cognitive function and are influenced by age. Previous studies have revealed age-related changes in the thalamo-cortical system within individuals, while neglecting differences between individuals. Here, we characterized inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC) between the thalamus and several cortical brain networks in 500 healthy participants aged 18-87 years old from the Cambridge Centre for Aging and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) cohort using movie-watching state fMRI data.

Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Auditory Function in .

An auditory ability is essential for communication in vertebrates, and considerable attention has been paid to auditory sensitivity in mammals, birds, and frogs. Turtles were thought to be deaf for a long time; however, recent studies have confirmed the presence of an auditory ability in as well as sex-related differences in hearing sensitivity. Earlier studies mainly focused on the morphological and physiological functions of the hearing organ in turtles; thus, the gene expression patterns remain unclear.