STAT1 mediates the pro-inflammatory role of GBP5 in colitis.

Previous studies establish guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) as a driver in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we aim to elucidate the mechanism underlying the pro-inflammatory role of GBP5. We observe that loss of Gbp5 causes reduced colonic inflammation and decreased numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in colitis mice.

Multimodal Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Microbial InDels as Superior Biomarkers for Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiome is closely associated with pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), while the multidimensional microbial signature and their capabilities for distinguishing pediatric CD are underexplored. This study aims to characterize the microbial alterations in pediatric CD and develop a robust classification model.

Methods: A total of 1,175 fecal metagenomic sequencing samples, predominantly from three cohorts of pediatric CD patients, were re-analyzed from raw sequencing data using uniform process pipelines to obtain multidimensional microbial alterations in pediatric CD, including taxonomic profiles, functional profiles, and multi-type genetic variants.

Catalytic remodeling of complex alkenes to oxonitriles through C=C double bond deconstruction.

Deconstructive transformation of carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) is a pivotal strategy in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. Despite the substantial advances in olefin metathesis and ozonolysis for natural product synthesis through C=C double-bond cleavage, the catalytic remodeling of complex molecules through C=C double-bond deconstruction has been underdeveloped. We report a heterogeneous copper-catalyzed C=C double-bond cleavage, which enables the remodeling of complex molecules by converting the carbons on either side of the C=C double bond to carbonyl and cyano groups, respectively.

Changes of metabolic parameters, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in response to substitution of ferrous sulfate with iron hydroxy methionine analog chelate in weaned piglets.

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that dietary organic iron offers health advantages compared to its inorganic counterpart. However, the effects of iron hydroxy methionine analog chelate (Fe-HMA) supplementation in weaned piglets have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing ferrous sulfate with Fe-HMA as the iron source on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

Molecular Ring Remodeling through C-C Bond Cleavage.

ConspectusStable and inert C-C bonds form the fundamental framework of organic compounds. Consequently, direct transformations involving C-C bond cleavage present an innovative approach for the rapid modification and remodeling of molecular skeletons. In recent years, the concept of molecular skeletal editing has garnered widespread attention and has been significantly developed, providing new opportunities for the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules, the high-value transformation of bulk chemicals, and a revolution in the traditional fragment coupling strategies of chemical synthesis.

Individualized tumor-reactive T cells exhibit a potent anti-tumor response in prostate cancer.

Background: Cellular immunotherapy exhibits promise in treating blood tumors. However, its application for solid tumors is impeded by their heterogeneity and complex microenvironments. The development of individualized multitarget therapy may be the key to overcoming the challenge of tumor heterogeneity.

Assessing severe pneumonia risk in children via clinical prognostic model based on laboratory markers.

Pneumonia represents a significant cause of mortality in children globally, emphasizing the importance of identifying high-risk patients to improve clinical outcomes. There is a lack of reliable laboratory markers and robust risk stratification models for clinical decision support in pediatric pneumonia. This study extracted data from the Paediatric Intensive Care database for 749 children under 3 years with severe pneumonia.

Long-Term Outcomes of Implanon in Managing Adenomyosis: A 3-Year Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND Adenomyosis, which involves the presence of endometrial tissue within the uterine muscle, leads to chronic pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding, creating challenges for contraception. The subdermal contraceptive implant Implanon presents a potential solution due to its long-acting properties. This study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and user satisfaction of Implanon in patients with adenomyosis, aiming to enhance understanding of its clinical benefits in this demographic.

Impacts of repeated photochemical and microbial processes: Selectively shaping of the dissolved organic matter pool.

Abiotic photochemistry and microbial degradation are the two main removal processes of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the combined and repeated effects of irradiation and biodegradation on DOM remains poorly resolved due to their complex interactions. To disentangle the effects of abiotic photochemistry from photobiology, we alternately exposed coastal DOM to repeated exposures to simulated solar radiation and then to microbial communities in darkness.

Response of intercropped maize "source-sink" characteristics to elevated CO concentration and phospho-rus application in maize intercropping with peanut system.

This study aimed to clarify the impacts of elevating CO concentration (e[CO]) on maize "source-sink" characteristics in maize intercropping with peanut system. We investigated the impacts of e[CO] on leaf "source" quantity, gas exchange parameters, population "source" productivity, "sink" capacity, grain to leaf ratio, yield and intercropping advantage of maize under 0 (P) and 180 kg PO·hm(P). The results showed that compared with ambient CO concentration (a[CO]), e[CO] augmented leaf "source" quantity and "source" activity of intercropping maize, and significantly increased productivity of population "source".

Uncovering the hidden RNA virus diversity in Lake Nam Co: Evolutionary insights from an extreme high-altitude environment.

Alpine lakes, characterized by isolation, low temperatures, oligotrophic conditions, and intense ultraviolet radiation, remain a poorly explored ecosystem for RNA viruses. Here, we present the first comprehensive metatranscriptomic study of RNA viruses in Lake Nam Co, a high-altitude alkaline saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Using a combination of sequence- and structure-based homology searches, we identified 742 RNA virus species, including 383 novel genus-level groups and 84 novel family-level groups exclusively found in Lake Nam Co.

Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Digestion, Metabolism, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microflora of Lanzhou Fat-Tailed Sheep.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying levels of dietary protein on digestion, metabolism, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microflora in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep. A total of twenty 8-month-old healthy rams with an initial average body weight (BW 25.16 ± 1.

To kill or to piggyback: Switching of viral lysis-lysogeny strategies depending on host dynamics.

Viruses wield significant influence over microbial communities and ecosystem function in marine environments. However, the selection of viral life strategies and their impacts on microbial communities remains enigmatic. In this study, we utilized a large-scale macrocosm, established using water samples from a marine coastal region, to enable community-level investigation.

Alleviating effects of dietary formic acid polymer supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury in gut-liver axis of broilers.

A close interplay exists between the gut and liver, known as the "gut-liver axis", which plays a vital role in health and disease. This research aimed to explore the effects of dietary formic acid polymer (FAP) addition on inflammatory injury in gut-liver axis of broilers due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Four hundred and fifty 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to three treatment groups: (1) control (non-challenged, basal diet); (2) LPS (LPS-challenged, basal diet); (3) LPS+FAP (LPS-challenged, basal diet with 1,000 mg/kg FAP).

Systematic identification of secondary bile acid production genes in global microbiome.

Unlabelled: Microbial metabolism of bile acids (BAs) is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in vertebrate hosts and environments. Although certain organisms involved in bile acid metabolism have been identified, a global, comprehensive elucidation of the microbes, metabolic enzymes, and bile acid remains incomplete. To bridge this gap, we employed hidden Markov models to systematically search in a large-scale and high-quality search library comprising 28,813 RefSeq multi-kingdom microbial complete genomes, enabling us to construct a secondary bile acid production gene catalog.

Safety and efficacy of inclisiran in treating hypercholesterolemia: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inclisiran in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Date Synthesis: Randomized controlled trials comparing inclisiran with a placebo were searched until April 2024. Overall, 8 studies involving 4947 patients were included.

Mechanical properties of discarded shield residue improved by calcium carbide slag and fly ash as subgrade filling.

To utilize discarded shield residue and alleviate the shortage of subgrade filling, industrial wastes such as calcium carbide slag (CCS) and fly ash (FA) were considered to enhance the mechanical properties of the shield residue. A series of laboratory tests, including California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, moisture content tests, pH tests, water stability tests, and dry-wet cycles tests were performed on discarded shield residue with additive contents. The results show that the UCS and CBR values enhanced significantly with the increase in curing time.

Overlooked Vital Role of Persistent Algae-Bacteria Interaction in Ocean Recalcitrant Carbon Sequestration and Its Response to Ocean Warming.

Long-term carbon sequestration by the ocean's recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) pool regulates global climate. Algae and bacteria interactively underpin RDOC formation. However, on the long-term scales, the influence of their persistent interactions close to in situ state on ocean RDOC dynamics and accumulation remains unclear, limiting our understanding of the oceanic RDOC pool formation and future trends under global change.

A novel phage with tail fiber containing six potential iron-binding domains.

Viruses play a vital role in regulating microbial communities, contributing to biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and essential metals. s is widespread and plays an essential role in marine microbial ecology. However, there is limited knowledge about the interactions of and its viruses (alterophages).

Improved resolution of microbial diversity in deep-sea surface sediments using PacBio long-read 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Unlabelled: 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the gold standard for identifying microbial diversity in environmental communities. The Illumina short-read platform is widely used in marine environment studies due to its cost-effectiveness and high accuracy, but its limited read length restricts taxonomic identification mainly to genus or family levels. Recently, the PacBio long-read sequencing platform was developed.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.