Risk of HBV reactivation in HCC patients undergoing combination therapy of PD-1 inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors in the antiviral era.

Background: Although routine antiviral therapy has been implemented in HCC patients, the risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr) remains with the use of programmed cell death-1(PD-1) blockade-based combination immunotherapy and the relevant risk factors are also unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of HBVr in HCC patients undergoing combination therapy of PD-1 inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors and concurrent first-line antivirals.

Methods: We included a total of 218 HBV-related HCC patients with first-line antivirals who received PD-1 inhibitors alone or together with angiogenesis inhibitors.

Promotional effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on Gallstone disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/aims: Growing evidence indicates that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstone disease (GD) share the same risk factors, and that NAFLD may be associated with the occurrence of GD. However, overall results remain controversial. The aim of this study is to perform a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between GD and NAFLD.