D-Mannose-Mediated metabolic pathways sustain the molecular signatures of sperm function and fertilization.

Introduction: Mammalian sperm within a single ejaculate exhibit significant heterogeneity, with only a subset possessing the molecular characteristics required for successful fertilization. Identifying the defining traits of these high-fertility sperm remains an open question.

Objectives: To elucidate the molecular markers and mechanisms underlying the fertilization potential of sperm in both mice and humans, with a focus on the role of D-mannose.

Causal evidence of the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in European and East Asian populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Several studies have documented the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, causal relationships between the two conditions remain unconfirmed. This study aims to assess the causal relationships between OSA and PCOS.

Advanced paternal age exacerbates neuroinflammation in offspring via m6A modification-mediated intergenerational inheritance.

Background: The trend of postponing childbearing age is prevalent worldwide. Advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. However, the underlying mechanism by which paternal aging affects the risk of offspring neuropsychiatric disorders is unclear.

Association of maternal mild hypothyroidism in the first and third trimesters with obstetric and perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Mild hypothyroidism, including subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia, is fairly common in pregnant women, but its impact on pregnancy outcomes is less clear, especially mild hypothyroidism in late pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia in the first and third trimesters, respectively, on obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Study Design: This large prospective study was conducted at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai; 52,027 pregnant women who underwent the first-trimester antenatal screening at International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital were consecutively enrolled from January 2013 to December 2016.

Association between frozen embryo transfer and childhood allergy: a retrospective cohort study.

Research Question: Does frozen embryo transfer (FET) increase the risk of allergic diseases in offspring?

Design: This study followed up 653 singleton children: 166 born through FET and 487 born through natural conception. Demographic characteristics, perinatal information and allergic diseases of children and their parents were collected through clinical medical systems and questionnaires. Among these 653 children, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) testing was performed using peripheral blood samples collected from 207 children: 145 in the FET group and 62 in the natural conception group.

Intrauterine hyperglycaemia during late gestation caused mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of male offspring through CREB/PGC1A signaling.

Background: Maternal diabetes mellitus can influence the development of offspring. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) creates a short-term intrauterine hyperglycaemic environment in offspring, leading to glucose intolerance in later life, but the long-term effects and specific mechanism involved in skeletal muscle dysfunction in offspring remain to be clarified.

Methods: Pregnant mice were divided into two groups: The GDM group was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg streptozotocin on gestational days (GDs) 6.

Safety of embryo cryopreservation: insights from mid-term placental transcriptional changes.

Background: In recent years, with benefits from the continuous improvement of clinical technology and the advantage of fertility preservation, the application of embryo cryopreservation has been growing rapidly worldwide. However, amidst this growth, concerns about its safety persist. Numerous studies have highlighted the elevated risk of perinatal complications linked to frozen embryo transfer (FET), such as large for gestational age (LGA) and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

A mutual comparison of pregnancy outcomes between different conception modes: a propensity score matching based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been reported to have negative effects on maternal and neonatal health. Ovulation induction (OI) was reported to be associated with alteration of epigenetic modification of mice embryos, and extinguishing the influence of ovulation induction and operations on maternal and neonatal health will bring benefits for reducing side effects. The present study aimed to determine whether ovulation induction alone and ART are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and whether ART could induce a higher risk than ovulation induction alone.

LncRNA SNHG5 adversely governs follicular growth in PCOS via miR-92a-3p/CDKN1C axis.

Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) have been implicated in various biological processes, yet their involvement in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains elusive. Specifically, SNHG5, a long non-coding RNA implicated in several human cancers, shows elevated expression in granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS women and induces PCOS-like features when overexpressed in mice. , SNHG5 inhibits GC proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, with RNA-seq indicating its impact on DNA replication and repair pathways.

Sexual behavior and cardiovascular diseases: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization.

Background: To assess the relationship of genetically predicted sexual behavior (age at first sex (AFS) and the number of sexual partners (NSP)) on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods And Results: We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with publicly available datasets from the UK Biobank and FinnGen Study, and analyzed genome-wide association results for sexual behaviors and twelve types of CVDs. The univariable MR method provided a total effect of AFS and NSP on CVDs, and showed evidence that early AFS rather than NSP was associated with CVDs, including angina pectoris (AP), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity (DVT-LE), heart failure (HF), hypertension (HTN), ischaemic stroke (IS), and myocardial infarction (MI).

Research progress on the effects of adverse exposure during pregnancy on skeletal muscle function in the offspring.

Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolism, energy homeostasis, movement, as well as endocrine function. The gestation period is a critical stage for myogenesis and development of the skeletal muscle. Adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy may impose various effects on the skeletal muscle health of the offspring.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Fuels Cardiovascular Inflammation and Aggravates Ischemic Cardiac Injury.

Background: Reducing cardiovascular disease burden among women remains challenging. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age, is associated with an increased prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease. However, the mechanism through which PCOS affects cardiac health in women remains unclear.

Follicle-stimulating hormone orchestrates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic islets.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in mammalian reproduction via binding to FSH receptor (FSHR). However, several studies have found that FSH and FSHR play important roles in extragonadal tissue. Here, we identified the expression of FSHR in human and mouse pancreatic islet β-cells.

NLRP3 Inflammasome-dependent Pathway is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Accumulating evidence has shown that inflammation is a key process in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes play an essential role in inflammation. We investigated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in PCOS and its underlying mechanisms.

Overexpression of Pde4d in rat granulosa cells inhibits maturation and atresia of antral follicles to induce polycystic ovary.

Background: Follicle dysplasia can cause polycystic ovary syndrome, which can lead to anovulatory infertility. This study explored gene(s) that may contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: Three animal models of polycystic ovary syndrome were created by treating 3-week-old rats respectively with estradiol valerate, testosterone propionate, or constant illumination for 8 weeks.

The early life course-related traits with three psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Objectives: Several studies have indicated a potential association between early life course-related traits and neurological and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, but the causal link remains unclear.

Methods: Instrumental variables (IVs) that have been shown to be strongly associated with exposure were obtained from summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Four early life course-related traits [i.

The lncRNA THOR interacts with and stabilizes hnRNPD to promote cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer.

Emerging evidence shows that the lncRNA THOR is deeply involved in the development of various cancers. However, the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of THOR in breast cancer (BRCA) initiation and progression have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that THOR is critical for BRCA tumorigenesis by interacting with hnRNPD to regulate downstream signaling pathways.

Gestational diabetes mellitus suppresses fetal testis development in mice†.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing rapidly. In addition to the metabolic disease risks, GDM might increase the risks of cryptorchidism in children. However, its mechanism involved in abnormalities of the male reproductive system is still unclear.

Maternal inheritance of glucose intolerance via oocyte TET3 insufficiency.

Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among women of reproductive age, and many women are left undiagnosed or untreated. Gestational diabetes has profound and enduring effects on the long-term health of the offspring. However, the link between pregestational diabetes and disease risk into adulthood in the next generation has not been sufficiently investigated.

Association between paternal age and subtypes of preterm birth: a retrospective study.

Research Question: Is advanced paternal age (APA) associated with preterm birth overall and with the subtypes of preterm birth?

Design: A total of 66,167 pregnancies were included. Linear regression and logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between paternal age and subtypes of preterm birth.

Results: APA was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (35-44 years: odds ratio [OR] 1.

Intrauterine hyperglycemia impairs endometrial receptivity via up-regulating SGK1 in diabetes.

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder which can adversely affect reproductive function. SGK1 is found to be up-regulated in multiple tissues of diabetic patients. However, the effects of diabetes on endometrial SGK1 expression and endometrial receptivity remain unknown.

Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Maternal Gestational Diabetes on Fetal Mouse Hippocampi.

Growing evidence suggests that adverse intrauterine environments could affect the long-term health of offspring. Recent evidence indicates that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with neurocognitive changes in offspring. However, the mechanism remains unclear.

Advanced paternal age increased metabolic risks in mice offspring.

Objectives: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Science indicate that chronic diseases in adulthood are associated with prenatal and early-life traits. Our study aimed to explore the metabolic phenotype of offspring from advanced paternal age (APA) and the inherited alterations in sperm.

Methods: 3-month-old (Young father, YF-F0) and 21-month-old male (Old Father, OF-F0) C57BL/6J mice were used to study paternal aging's effect on offspring.