Characteristics of aerosol aminiums over a coastal city in North China: Insights from the divergent impacts of marine and terrestrial influences.

Aminium ions, as crucial alkaline components within fine atmospheric particles, have a notable influence on new particle formation and haze occurrence. Their concentrations within coastal atmosphere depict considerable variation due to the interplay of distinctive marine and terrestrial sources, further complicated by dynamic meteorological conditions. This study conducted a comprehensive examination of aminiums ions concentrations, with a particular focus on methylaminium (MMAH), dimethylaminium (DMAH), trimethylaminium (TMAH), and triethylaminium (TEAH) within PM, over varying seasons (summer, autumn, and winter of 2019 and summer of 2021), at an urban site in the coastal megacity of Qingdao, Northern China.

[Chemical Composition and Characterization of Nitroaromatic Compounds in Urban Areas of Shanghai].

The compositional characteristics, concentration of nitroaromatic compounds(NACs) in PM in urban Shanghai, and their correlation with gaseous precursors were investigated. A total of 39 winter and 46 summer PM samples from 2020 to 2021 were collected using a high-flow sampler and analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ESI-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS). Quantitative analysis was performed on 12 NACs compounds, combined with backward trajectory meteorological elements, molecular composition, and classification analysis of CHON substances.

Underestimation of biomass burning contribution to PM due to its chemical degradation based on hourly measurements of organic tracers: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China.

Biomass burning (BB) has significant impacts on air quality and climate change, especially during harvest seasons. In previous studies, levoglucosan was frequently used for the calculation of BB contribution to PM, however, the degradation of levoglucosan (Lev) could lead to large uncertainties. To quantify the influence of the degradation of Lev on the contribution of BB to PM, PM-bound biomass burning-derived markers were measured in Changzhou from November 2020 to March 2021 using the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TAG-GC/MS) system.

[Characteristics of Nitroaromatic Compounds in PM in Urban Area of Shanghai].

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are an important class of nitrogen-containing compounds in fine particles. The investigation of characteristics and seasonal variation of NACs in PM increases our knowledge about nitrogen-containing compounds and contributes to the scientific basis in formulating reduction policies of NO in urban areas. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of PM samples collected from March 2018 to February 2019 in an urban location in Shanghai.

The development of a cell-based model for the assessment of carcinogenic potential upon long-term PM2.5 exposure.

To assess the carcinogenic potential of PM2.5 exposure, we developed a cell-based experimental protocol to examine the cell transformation activity of PM2.5 samples from different regions in China.

Multiple organ injury in male C57BL/6J mice exposed to ambient particulate matter in a real-ambient PM exposure system in Shijiazhuang, China.

The development of a rodent ambient particulate matter (PM) inhalation system is critical for drawing causal inferences between PM exposure and the onset of human diseases. In this study, we constructed a real-ambient PM exposure system to investigate multi-organ injury and the reversibility of the impairments in C57BL/6 J male mice exposed to PM with a duration of up to three months in Shijiazhuang, a city with the highest PM2.5 concentration in China.

An Integrated Source Apportionment Methodology and Its Application over the Yangtze River Delta Region, China.

An integrated source apportionment methodology is developed by amalgamating the receptor-oriented model (ROM) and source-oriented numerical simulations (SOM) together to eliminate the weaknesses of individual SA methods. This approach attempts to apportion and dissect the PM sources in the Yangtze River Delta region during winter. First, three ROM models (CMB, PMF, ME2) are applied and compared for the preliminary SA results, with information from PM sampling and lab analysis during the winter seasons.

[Analysis of Non-polar Organic Compounds in PM by Rapid Thermo-desorption Method Coupled with GC/MS].

Non-polar organic compounds (NPOCs) associated with PM in the atmosphere were analyzed by automated thermo-desorption (TD) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS). The analyses for a total of 72 NPOCs were reviewed, including 34 PAHs, one Debenzothiophene, 27 alkanes (C-C), 5 hopanes and 5 steranes. Through this improved TD method, operation of filter loadings, TD condition and sample introduction were optimized.

Decadal changes in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from on-road vehicles with intensified automobile pollution control: Case study in a busy urban tunnel in south China.

In the efforts at controlling automobile emissions, it is important to know in what extent air pollutants from on-road vehicles could be truly reduced. In 2014 we conducted tests in a heavily trafficked tunnel in south China to characterize emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from on-road vehicle fleet and compared our results with those obtained in the same tunnel in 2004. Alkanes, aromatics, and alkenes had average emission factors (EFs) of 338, 63, and 42 mg km in 2014 against that of 194, 129, and 160 mg km in 2004, respectively.

Impacts of particulate matter (PM2.5) on the behavior of freshwater snail Parafossarulus striatulus.

Fine particulate (PM2.5) is a severe problem of air pollution in the world. Although many studies were performed on examining effects of PM2.

Primary particulate emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from idling diesel vehicle exhaust in China.

In China diesel vehicles dominate the primary emission of particulate matters from on-road vehicles, and they might also contribute substantially to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In this study tailpipe exhaust of three typical in-use diesel vehicles under warm idling conditions was introduced directly into an indoor smog chamber with a 30m Teflon reactor to characterize primary emissions and SOA formation during photo-oxidation. The emission factors of primary organic aerosol (POA) and black carbon (BC) for the three types of Chinese diesel vehicles ranged 0.

Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM in Lanzhou, China.

Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was applied to quantify HULIS (humic-like substances) for the first time in 2012 winter and 2013 summer at an urban site in Lanzhou. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous species (OC/EC) were also analyzed. The results show that OM (Organic Matter=OC×1.

Simultaneous monitoring and compositions analysis of PM1 and PM2.5 in Shanghai: Implications for characterization of haze pollution and source apportionment.

A year-long simultaneous observation of PM1 and PM2.5 were conducted at ECUST campus in Shanghai, the compositions were analyzed and compared. Results showed that PM2.

Organosulfates from pinene and isoprene over the Pearl River Delta, South China: seasonal variation and implication in formation mechanisms.

Biogenic organosulfates (OSs) are important markers of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation involving cross reactions of biogenic precursors (terpenoids) with anthropogenic pollutants. Until now, there has been rare information about biogenic OSs in the air of highly polluted areas. In this study, fine particle (PM2.

Characterization of secondary aerosol and its extinction effects on visibility over the Pearl River Delta Region, China.

Aerosol samples collected from July 2007 to March 2008 were used to obtain major aerosol constituents in an urban location in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD), China. The minimum organic carbon (OC)/elemental carbon (EC) ratio was used to calculate the primary and secondary organic carbon and the extinction effect of the secondary aerosol on visibility was estimated. As indicated in the analysis, the mass of secondary aerosol takes up 50% of the total mass of PM2.

Mechanism-based quantitative structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of substituted phenols on germination rate of Cucumis sativus.

Comparative inhibition activity (GC50) of 42 structurally diverse substituted phenols on seed germination rate of Cucumis sativus was investigated. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed by using hydrophobicity (1-octanol/water partition coefficient, logKow) and electrophilicity (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecule orbital, Eluma) for the toxicity of phenols according to their modes of toxic action. Most phenols elicited their response via a polar narcotic mechanism and a highly significant log Kow-based model was obtained (GC50 = 0.