Photooxidation of Toluene Derivatives under HAT and ROS Synergy.

The valorization of toluene offers a dual solution by addressing its environmental impact while also facilitating the synthesis of a diverse array of valuable fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates, thus ensuring both ecological sustainability and economic viability. We report herein a synergistic approach that harmonizes hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under mild condition and low catalyst loading, which enables the efficient synthesis of a broad spectrum of esteemed benzoic acid derivatives and aryl ketones through the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene derivatives. Mechanistic elucidation reveals that the HAT reagent anthraquinone has both the capabilities to abstract hydrogen atoms and the ability to generate singlet oxygen (O) during energy transfer with triplet oxygen (O), and the combination of these two potencies significantly improves the catalytic efficiency of the reaction.

Metabolic regulator LKB1 controls adipose tissue ILC2 PD-1 expression and mitochondrial homeostasis to prevent insulin resistance.

Adipose tissue group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) help maintain metabolic homeostasis by sustaining type 2 immunity and promoting adipose beiging. Although impairment of the ILC2 compartment contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we found that ILC2s in obese mice and humans exhibited impaired liver kinase B1 (LKB1) activation.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveal distinct immune-infiltrating phenotypes and macrophage-tumor interaction axes among different lineages of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common gland neoplasms demonstrating distinctive transcription factors. Although the role of immune cells in PitNETs has been widely recognized, the precise immunological environment and its control over tumor cells are poorly understood.

Methods: The heterogeneity, spatial distribution, and clinical significance of macrophages in PitNETs were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), bulk RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, immunohistochemistry, and multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF).

PLZF restricts intestinal ILC3 function in gut defense.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) play important roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by protecting the host from pathogen infections and tissue inflammation. The transcription factor PLZF (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger), encoded by zinc finger BTB domain containing 16 (Zbtb16), is highly and transiently expressed in ILC precursors (ILCPs). However, the role of PLZF in regulating ILC3 development and function remains unknown.

Optimal information disclosure strategy in the primary healthcare service market: From the perspective of signaling theory.

The promotion of general practitioner (GP) contract service is one of the key components of China's healthcare reform. We consider GPs providing primary health services with private competency information over two periods, where patients decide when to sign. Two types of GPs are considered: those with higher and lower competency.

Payments for environmental services strategy for transboundary air pollution: A stochastic differential game perspective.

Air pollution has become a global threat to societal development. The main challenges of transboundary air pollution control include two perspectives: uneven socioeconomic development of regions and the diffusion of air pollution. This paper proposes an PES strategy to alleviate transboundary air pollution by coordinating regional economic interests and environmental preferences within the joint prevention and control of air pollution region.

ILC1s and ILC3s Exhibit Inflammatory Phenotype in Periodontal Ligament of Periodontitis Patients.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are emerging as important players in inflammatory diseases. The oral mucosal barrier harbors all ILC subsets, but how these cells regulate the immune responses in periodontal ligament tissue during periodontitis remains undefined. Here, we show that total ILCs are markedly increased in periodontal ligament of periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls.

Second-line combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and nedaplatin for Cisplatin-pretreated refractory metastatic/recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: There is an urgent need for an effective second-line chemotherapy regimen after failure of the standard cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil therapy.

Patients And Methods: This study investigated the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of docetaxel (30 mg/m2) during a 1-hour infusion, followed by nedaplatin (50 mg/m2) during a 2-hour infusion (both drugs were administered on day 1 as an outpatient regimen and repeated every 2 weeks) as second-line chemotherapy for patients with cisplatin-pretreated refractory metastatic/recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery.

Results: Forty-six of the 48 patients (95.