Effectiveness of DTaP Against Pertussis in ≤2-Year-Old Children - Linyi Prefecture, Shandong Province, China, 2017-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) is positively correlated with the number of administered co-purified diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) doses. A matched case-control study conducted in Zhongshan City revealed that the co-purified DTaP VE against pertussis-related illnesses in children aged 4-11 months was 42% for one dose, 88% for two doses, and 95% for three doses, respectively.

What Is Added By This Report?: The results of this study contribute to the current body of research.

A Rapid Public Health Needs Assessment Framework for after Major Earthquakes Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery.

: Earthquakes causing significant damage have occurred frequently in China, producing enormous health losses, damage to the environment and public health issues. Timely public health response is crucial to reduce mortality and morbidity and promote overall effectiveness of rescue efforts after a major earthquake. : A rapid assessment framework was established based on GIS technology and high-resolution remote sensing images.

Impact of the Ebola outbreak on routine immunization in western area, Sierra Leone - a field survey from an Ebola epidemic area.

Background: Since March 2014, the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa disrupted health care systems - especially in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone - with a consequential stress on the area's routine immunization programs. To address perceived decreased vaccination coverage, Sierra Leone conducted a catch-up vaccination campaign during 24-27 April 2015. We conducted a vaccination coverage survey and report coverage estimates surrounding the time of the EVD outbreak and the catch-up campaign.

A practical community-based response strategy to interrupt Ebola transmission in sierra Leone, 2014-2015.

Background: The Ebola virus disease spread rapidly in West Africa in 2014, leading to the loss of thousands of lives. Community engagement was one of the key strategies to interrupt Ebola transmission, and practical community level measures needed to be explored in the field and tailored to the specific context of communities.

Methods: First, community-level education on Ebola virus disease (EVD) prevention was launched for the community's social mobilizers in six districts in Sierra Leone beginning in November 2014.

[Epidemiological characteristics of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection in China].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) in China and to provide scientific evidence for the adjustment of preventive strategy and control measures.

Methods: Demographic and epidemiologic information on human cases were collected from both reported data of field epidemiological investigation and the reporting system for infectious diseases.

Results: A total of 433 cases including 163 deaths were reported in mainland China before June 4, 2014.

Human influenza A(H7N9) virus infection associated with poultry farm, Northeastern China.

We report on a case of human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus in Jilin Province in northeastern China. This case was associated with a poultry farm rather than a live bird market, which may point to a new focus for public health surveillance and interventions in this evolving outbreak.

Design and development of turbodrill blade used in crystallized section.

Turbodrill is a type of hydraulic axial turbomachinery which has a multistage blade consisting of stators and rotors. In this paper, a turbodrill blade that can be applied in crystallized section under high temperature and pressure conditions is developed. On the basis of Euler equations, the law of energy transfer is analyzed and the output characteristics of turbodrill blade are proposed.

Risk factors for influenza A(H7N9) disease--China, 2013.

Background: The majority of human cases of novel avian influenza A(H7N9), which emerged in China in spring 2013, include reported exposure to poultry. However, specific host and exposure risk factors for disease are unknown, yet critical to design prevention measures.

Methods: In April-June 2013, we conducted a case-control study in 8 Chinese provinces.

Use of national pneumonia surveillance to describe influenza A(H7N9) virus epidemiology, China, 2004-2013.

In mainland China, most avian influenza A(H7N9) cases in the spring of 2013 were reported through the pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance system. To understand the role of possible underreporting and surveillance bias in assessing the epidemiology of subtype H7N9 cases and the effect of live-poultry market closures, we examined all PUE cases reported from 2004 through May 3, 2013. Historically, the PUE system was underused, reporting was inconsistent, and PUE reporting was biased toward A(H7N9)-affected provinces, with sparse data from unaffected provinces; however, we found no evidence that the older ages of persons with A(H7N9) resulted from surveillance bias.

Preparation and response of medical and health institutions when energy flow is interrupted and infrastructure is damaged.

Energy interruption and infrastructure damage are the common characteristic between the snow disaster occurred in some southern provinces of China and the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in China in 2008. This paper summaries the effects on medical and health institutions caused by interruption of energy flow and damaged infrastructure, shares the preparation and response practices, experience, and lessons of medical disasters, and gives suggestions about how to prepare and response for medical and health institutions when energy flow is interrupted and infrastructure is damaged.

[Mental health assessment among scattered residents after Wenchuan earthquake in Anxian, Sichuan province].

Objective: To explore the mental health status of residents scattered living in Anxian after Wenchuan earthquake so as to provide scientific basis for further mental health intervention.

Methods: A face to face interview was conducted among the scattered residents with designed questionnaire, which had three parts of the physical and emotional reaction, the relax methods and the social care and supports expected. Two-stage probability proportional to size (PPS) sample method was performed to sample 2184 from 0.

[Public health situation and needs assessment after Wenchuan earthquake in Anxian, Sichuan province].

Objective: To explore the public health situation and needs in Anxian after Wenchuan earthquake so as to make an effective strategy for disease control and prevention.

Methods: 69 concentrated settlements with 100 residents were investigated. Probability proportion to size was adopted for sampling of 2200 residents from 687 scattered households (about 440 000 scattered residents).

[Study on application of hazard analysis and critical control point in rural water supply system].

Objective: To study the feasibility and effect of the HACCP application in rural water supply systems. The Tucheng water supply system (TWSS) in Hebei Province was selected as study field.

Methods: The hazard analysis and evaluation were developed according to WHO/FAO "HACCP System and Guidelines for its Application" and WHO "Guidelines for drinking water quality".