Bifunctional fluorine doped Ru/RuO clusters with dynamic electron modification and strong metal-support interaction boost proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer.

The sluggish kinetics and inherent instability over the Ru/RuO clusters are still enormous challenges in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. Herein, we innovatively report synergistic modulation of dynamic electron modification and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) to activate and stabilize bifunctional fluorine doped Ru/RuO clusters anchored on carbon nanotube (CNT), thus achieving efficient and stable acidic overall water splitting. Theoretical and experimental studies found that surface metal-fluorine modification layer could dynamically regulate the interfacial electronic environment to stabilize and activate multiple active Ru species; and the SMSI between Ru/RuO cluster and CNT maintains stable electronic environment for dynamic electron modification and avoids migrating or shedding of active species in acidic environment.

Mo-Induced Surface Reconstruction in Ni/Co-OOH Prickly Flower Clusters for Improving the Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Seawater Splitting.

Seawater electrolysis is the most promising technology for hydrogen production, in which surface reconstruction on the interface of electrode/electrolyte plays a crucial role in activating the catalytic reactions with a low activation energy barrier. Herein, an efficient Mo modifying NiCoMo prickly flower clusters electrocatalyst supported on nickel foam (Mo-doped Ni/Co-OOH prickly flower clusters) is obtained, which serves as an eminently active and durable catalyst for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the surface reconstruction during the alkaline seawater electrolysis with ultralow overpotentials. It just requires a cell voltage of 1.

Hydrostatic Filtration Enables Large-Scale Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles That Effectively Protect Chickens against .

is a Gram-negative opportunistic avian pathogen representing an emerging threat to poultry meat and egg production worldwide. To date, no vaccine able to effectively prevent the morbidity associated with infections has been developed yet. Our group previously reported that inoculation of different combinations of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), FlfA and GtxA-N proteins is effective in preventing lesions caused by infections in layer chickens.