Replacing soybean meal with high-oil pumpkin seed cake in the diet of lactating Holstein dairy cows modulated rumen bacteria and milk fatty acid profile.

This research aimed to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal with high-oil pumpkin seed cake (HOPSC) on ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, milk fatty acid, and ruminal bacterial community in Chinese dairy cows. Six multiparous Chinese Holstein cows at 105.50 ± 5.

Nutritional Values of Industrial Hemp Byproducts for Dairy Cattle.

The objective of this experiment was to explore the nutritional components of industrial hemp byproducts (industrial hemp ethanol extraction byproduct, IHEEB; industrial hemp stalk, IHS; industrial hemp seed meal, IHSM; industrial hemp oil filter residue, IHOFR) and provide theoretical support for the application of industrial hemp byproducts in dairy cattle production. This experiment used a combination of a wet chemical method with Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, nylon bag technique, and three-step method to compare the chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein composition, ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of industrial hemp byproducts and conventional feeds (alfalfa hay, AH; soybean meal, SBM). Available energy values were estimated based on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

DPD simulations on morphologies and structures of blank PLGA--PEG--PLGA polymeric micelles and docetaxel-loaded PLGA--PEG--PLGA polymeric micelles.

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation was used to study the morphologies and structures of blank (no drug) poly(lactic--glycolic acid)--poly(ethylene glycol)--poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA--PEG--PLGA) polymeric micelles and the docetaxel (Dtx)-loaded PLGA--PEG--PLGA polymeric micelles. We focused on the influences of PLGA--PEG--PLGA copolymer concentration, composition, Dtx drug content and the shear rate on morphologies and structures of the micelles. Our simulations show that the PLGA--PEG--PLGA copolymers in the aqueous solutions could aggregate and form blank micelles while Dtx drug and PLGA--PEG--PLGA could aggregate and form drug-loaded micelles.

Associations of Protein Molecular Structures with Their Nutrient Supply and Biodegradation Characteristics in Different Byproducts of Seed-Used Pumpkin.

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the relationship of protein functional groups (including amide I, amide II, α-helix, and β-sheet) in byproducts of seed-used pumpkin (pumpkin seed cake, pumpkin seed coat, and seed-used pumpkin flesh) with their nutrient profiles and biodegradation characteristics. The experiment was designed to use conventional chemical analysis, combining the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) and nylon bag technology to assess the nutritional value and biodegradation characteristics of seed-used pumpkin byproducts. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the protein molecular structure properties of byproducts of seed-used pumpkin.