Artemisitene Alters LPS-Induced Oxidative stress, inflammation and Ferroptosis in Liver Through Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB Pathway.

The liver plays a critical role in sepsis, which is a serious worldwide public health problem. A novel mechanism of controlled cell death called ferroptosis has recently been described. Disrupted redox equilibrium, excessive iron, and enhanced lipid peroxidation are key features of ferroptosis.

A PDMS-based microneedle array electrode for long-term ECG recording.

To acquire high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, traditional Ag/AgCl wet electrodes used together with conductive gel can effectively reduce electrode-skin interface impedance (EII) in a short term. However, their weaknesses of poor flexibility and instability can no longer meet the long-term monitoring requirements of intelligent wearable devices. Owing to the flexible dry electrode without conductive gel, it is a good choice to solve the critical problem on drying-out of conductive gel.

Effects of HMGA2 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in ACHN renal cell carcinoma cells-derived xenografts in nude mice.

Background: The architectural transcriptional regulator high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is an oncofetal protein which has been reported to be ectopically expressed in a variety of cancers. A high expression of HMGA2 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is related with tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis. Recent in vitro studies have shown that HMGA2 knockdown was able to decrease cell proliferation and migration, and regulate the gene expression related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Enhancement of adenosine production by Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 4484 through metabolic flux analysis and simplified feeding strategies.

The objective of this research was to understand how the initial glucose concentration influences adenosine (AR) production and metabolic flux shift on the cultivation of Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 4484. Experiments confirmed that initial glucose concentration affects cell growth, AR production and metabolites, significantly. The flux distribution at the key nodes of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), pyruvate (PYR) and acetyl coenzyme-A (AcCoA) could be affected by changing the glucose concentration.

Optimization and validation of a GC-FID method for the determination of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation products.

An improved, simple gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method was developed for measuring the products of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation and the combined fermentation/separation processes. The analysis time per sample was reduced to less than 10 min compared to those of a conventional GC-FID (more than 20 min). The behavior of the compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatographic runs was predicted using thermodynamic parameters derived from isothermal runs.

Production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate by Arthrobacter sp. A302 using fed-batch fermentation with pH-shift control.

The production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by Arthrobacter sp. A302 was studied in a 5 L stirred tank fermentor under a range of pH values (6.5-8.

Adaptation of glycolysis and growth to acetate in Sporolactobacillus sp. Y2-8.

Exogenous addition of a low concentration of acetate (2 g/L sodium acetate) effectively decreased acetic acid excretion and lowered the ATP content in Sporolactobacillus sp. Y2-8 without any growth defect although the acetate could not be utilized at an initial glucose concentration of 150 g/L. This induced an enhanced glycolytic flux with increased specific activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, probably to compensate for the lowered efficiency of ATP production.

Effect of ribose, xylose, aspartic acid, glutamine and nicotinic acid on ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate synthesis by recombinant Escherichia coli.

Most reductases which belong to the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily require NAD (P) H for activity. Addition of this cofactor was still necessary for the production of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate by Escherichia coli even when a cofactor regeneration system was constructed by co-expressing carbonyl reductase from Pichia stipitis (PsCRI) and glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium (BmGDH). In an attempt to reduce dependence on the expensive cofactor, compounds directly or indirectly involved in NADP synthesis were added to the medium.

Ion-exclusion chromatography determination of organic acid in uridine 5'-monophosphate fermentation broth.

Simultaneous determination of organic acids using ion-exclusion liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection is described. The chromatographic conditions are optimized when an Aminex HPX-87H column (300 × 7.8 mm) is employed, with a solution of 3 mmol/L sulfuric acid as eluent, a flow rate of 0.

Selective separation of biobutanol from acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation broth by means of sorption methodology based on a novel macroporous resin.

The traditional distillation method for recovery of butanol from fermentation broth is an energy-intensive process. Separation of butanol based on adsorption methodology has advantages in terms of biocompatibility and stability, as well as economy, and therefore gains much attention. However, the application of the commercial adsorbents in the integrated acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process is restricted due to the low recovery (less than 85%) and the weak capability of enrichment in the eluent (3-4 times).

Bi-stage control of dissolved oxygen to enhance cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by Arthrobacter A302.

Experiments confirmed dissolved oxygen (DO) definitely affects cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production by Arthrobacter A302. Production of cAMP by batch fermentation was investigated under various DO conditions. A two-stage DO control strategy was proposed to achieve optimal production of cAMP based on the kinetic analysis: the DO level was controlled at 40% during the first 18 h and then switched to 30%.

Cloning, expression, and characterization of an adenylate cyclase from Arthrobacter sp. CGMCC 3584.

The cya gene encoding adenylate cyclase was cloned from Arthrobacter sp. CGMCC 3584 by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR for the first time. It exhibited an open reading frame containing 1,125 bp and encoding 374 amino acids.

Enhanced uridine 5'-monophosphate production by whole cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through rational redistribution of metabolic flux.

A whole-cell biocatalytic process for uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) production from orotic acid by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was developed. To rationally redistribute the metabolic flux between glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, statistical methods were employed first to find out the critical factors in the process. NaH(2)PO(4), MgCl(2) and pH were found to be the important factors affecting UMP production significantly.

Kinetic models of ribonucleic acid fermentation and continuous culture by Candida tropicalis no.121.

During ribonucleic acid fermentation, the fermentative processes were researched at pH controlled at 4.0 and under natural conditions. Unstructured models in a 50-L airlift fermentor were established for batch RNA production at pH 4.

Production of cytidine 5'-diphosphorylcholine with high utilization of ATP by whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cytidine 5'-diphosphorylcholine (CDP-choline) was produced using a high efficiency ATP regeneration system and the Kennedy pathway in whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae As 2.398. Out of eight variables, KH(2)PO(4), glycerol and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) were considered to be the most significant factors by response surface methodology including a Plackett-Burman design, path of steepest accent and central composite design.

Enhanced cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by Arthrobacter A302 through rational redistribution of metabolic flux.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was synthesized through the purine salvage synthesis pathway by Arthrobacter A302. Results showed that hypoxanthine was the best of the precursors, and the cAMP concentration reached 4.06 g/L.

The mechanisms of citrate on regulating the distribution of carbon flux in the biosynthesis of uridine 5'-monophosphate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A whole cell biocatalytic process for uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) production from orotic acid by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was developed. The concentration of UMP was increased by 23% when 1 g l(-1) sodium citrate was fed into the broth. Effects of citrate addition on UMP production were investigated.

A new member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases superfamily: purification, characterization and substrate specificity of a recombinant carbonyl reductase from Pichia stipitis.

A novel short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases superfamily (SDRs) reductase (PsCR) from Pichia stipitis that produced ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate with greater than 99% enantiomeric excess, was purified to homogeneity using fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. The enzyme purified from recombinant Escherichia coli had a molecular mass of about 35 kDa on SDS-PAGE and only required NADPH as an electron donor. The K(m) value of PsCR for ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate was 4.

Effect of NH4+ and glycerol on cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Both stimulation of ammonium ion on the glycolytic flux and regulation by glycerol of enzymes in Kennedy pathway for cytidine diphosphate choline production in S. cerevisiae were studied. The conventional transformation course featured four stages.

Enhanced uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine production using whole-cell catalysis.

Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDPAG) can be produced by chemical, enzymatic, chemoenzymatic, and fermentative methods. In this study, we used whole-cell catalysis method to produce UDPAG for the first time by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to increase the ATP utilization efficiency and UDPAG conversion yield, the response surface methodology was applied to optimize the whole-cell catalytic conditions for UDPAG production.

Medium optimization for the production of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate by Microbacterium sp. no. 205 using response surface methodology.

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize medium composition for the production of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) with Microbacterium sp. no. 205.