Discovery of 6-Formylpyridyl Urea Derivatives as Potent Reversible-Covalent Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Inhibitors with Improved Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been considered as a potential anticancer target due to FGF19/FGFR4 mediated aberrant signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several FGFR4 inhibitors have been reported, but none have gained approval. Herein, a series of 5-formyl-pyrrolo[3,2-]pyridine-3-carboxamides and a series of 6-formylpyridyl ureas were characterized as selective reversible-covalent FGFR4 inhibitors.

Exploring the nurses' experiences in recognising and managing clinical deterioration in emergency patients: A qualitative study.

Background: Emergency Department (ED) patients are particularly at a high risk of deterioration. The frontline nurses are key players in identifying and responding to deterioration events; however, few studies have sought to explore the whole process of recognition and management of clinical deterioration by emergency nurses.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of emergency nurses and provide a whole picture of how they recognise and manage clinical deterioration.

Germacrane Sesquiterpene Dilactones from and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity.

Four new germacrane sesquiterpene dilactones, 2-hydroxyl-11,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide (), 3-hydroxyl-11,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide (), 1,3-dihydroxy-4,9-germacradiene-12,8:15,6-diolide (), and (11,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide-13-yl)-adenine (), together with five known ones (-) were isolated from the aerial parts of . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound is featured with an adenine moiety in the molecule, which is the first nitrogen-containing sesquiterpenoid so far isolated from this plant species.

Development and validation of an instrument for measuring junior nurses' recognition and response abilities to clinical deterioration (RRCD).

Background: Nurses of all levels are expected to be competent in managing clinical deterioration. Given their limited experience and basic-level knowledge, there is a concern about junior nurses' clinical and patient management skills. However, junior nurses' abilities to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration have not been adequately explored because of the absence of a comprehensive tool.

Polycyclic Phenol Derivatives from the Leaves of and Their Antibacterial and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.

Three new polycyclic phenol derivatives, 2-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6H-furo [2,3-g]chromen-6-one (), 2-(1',2'-dihydroxypropan-2'-yl)-4-hydroxy-6H-furo [2,3-g][1]benzopyran-6-one () and 3,8,10-trihydroxy-4,9-dimethoxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one (), along with seven known ones (-, and ) were isolated for the first time from the leaves of . Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature-reported data. These compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-(+) bacteria: (), methicillin-resistant (), (), (), and the Gram-(-) bacterium .

Comparison of the Performance of 24 Early Warning Scores with the Updated National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) for Predicting Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission in Postoperative Brain Tumor Patients: A Retrospective Study at a Single Center.

BACKGROUND There have been few studies to evaluate early warning score (EWS) systems, or track and trigger systems (TTS), to identify early clinical deterioration in patients following brain tumor surgery who are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) is an established method used in the U.K.

Thymol derivatives with antibacterial and cytotoxic activity from the aerial parts of .

Three new thymol derivatives, 7-formyl-9-isobutyryloxy-8-hydroxythymol (1), 7,9-di-isobutyryloxy-8,10-dehydrothymol (2) and 2α-methoxyl-3β-methyl-6-methylol-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (3), along with five known ones (4-8), were isolated from the aerial parts of the invasive plant . Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and they were all isolated from the aerial part of for the first time. These compounds, except 8, selectively showed antimicrobial activity against three Gram-(+) and two Gram-(-) bacterial strains.

Characterization of LEA genes in Dendrobium officinale and one Gene in induction of callus.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are widely involved in plant stress responsive, while their involvement in callus formation is largest unknown. In this study, we identified and conducted expression analysis of the LEA genes from Phalaenopsis equestris and Dendrobium officinale, and characterized a LEA gene from D. officinale.

Development of the National Early Warning Score-Calcium Model for Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a new model on the basis of the National Early Warning Score to predict intensive care unit admission and the mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis in the emergency department were enrolled. The values of the National Early Warning Score, Modified Early Warning Score, and Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis in predicting intensive care unit admission and mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis were evaluated.

Mining MYB transcription factors from the genomes of orchids (Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium) and characterization of an orchid R2R3-MYB gene involved in water-soluble polysaccharide biosynthesis.

Members of the MYB superfamily act as regulators in a wide range of biological processes in plants. Despite this, the MYB superfamily from the Orchidaceae has not been identified, and MYB genes related to bioactive water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) biosynthesis are relatively unknown. In this study, we identified 159 and 165 MYB genes from two orchids, Phalaenopsis equestris and Dendrobium officinale, respectively.

Diterpenoids with herbicidal and antifungal activities from hulls of rice (Oryza sativa).

Diterpenoids are the main secondary metabolites of plants and with a range of biological activities. In the present study, 7 compounds were isolated from the hulls of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Triterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and cytotoxic activity from the leaves of .

Ten pentacyclic triterpenoids including a new multiflorane triterpene acid, 2α,3β,23-trihydroxymultiflor-7-en-28-oic acid (1), and a new lupane triterpene monoglucoside named akebiaoside C (2), were obtained from the leaves of . Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and they were all isolated from the leaves of for the first time. These compounds, except 4 and 5, showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity much stronger than acarbose.

Anti-MRSA Sesquiterpenes from the Semi-Mangrove Plant A. Gray.

The striking rise of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections has become a serious threat to public health worldwide. In an effort to search for new anti-MRSA agents from natural products, a bioassay-guided phytochemical study was conducted on the semi-mangrove plant A. Gray, which led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene alkaloids ( and ) and six known furanosesquiterpenes (⁻).

Characterization and immunological activity of polysaccharides from Ixeris polycephala.

A water-soluble polysaccharide, named KMCP, was isolated and purified from edible plant Ixeris polycephala by using DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography. Its structure was determined by chemical analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR analysis, coupled with characterization by scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). The resulting data indicated that KMCP was an arabinogalactan, with an average molecular weight of 1.

A Genome-Wide Identification of the WRKY Family Genes and a Survey of Potential WRKY Target Genes in Dendrobium officinale.

The WRKY family, one of the largest families of transcription factors, plays important roles in the regulation of various biological processes, including growth, development and stress responses in plants. In the present study, 63 DoWRKY genes were identified from the Dendrobium officinale genome. These were classified into groups I, II, III and a non-group, each with 14, 28, 10 and 11 members, respectively.

Phenolics from Mikania micrantha and Their Antioxidant Activity.

A phytochemical study on the aerial parts of led to the isolation of two new phenolic compounds, benzyl 5--β-d-glucopyranosyl-2,5-dihydroxybenzoate () and (7,8)--dihydroxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-acetate (), together with twelve known compounds, benzyl 2--β-d-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate (), 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol glucoside (), (+)-isolariciresinol (), icariol A₂ (), 9,10-dihydroxythymol (), 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (), caffeic acid (), -coumaric acid (), ethyl protocatechuate (), procatechuic aldehyde (), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (), and hydroquinone (). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Except and , all the other compounds were isolated from this plant species for the first time.

Two New Thymol Derivatives from the Roots of Ageratina adenophora.

Two new thymol derivatives, 7,9-diisobutyryloxy-8-ethoxythymol () and 7-acetoxy-8-methoxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol (), were isolated from fresh roots of , together with four known compounds, 7,9-di-isobutyryloxy-8-methoxythymol (), 9-oxoageraphorone (), (-)-isochaminic acid () and (1α,6α)-10-hydroxycar-3-ene-2-one (). Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, and they were all isolated from the roots of for the first time. All the compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity toward three Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains.

A new anthraquinone and a new naphthoquinone from the whole plant of Spermacoce latifolia.

A phytochemical study on the whole plant of Spermacoce latifolia led to the isolation of a new anthraquinone, 1,2,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-9,10-anthraquinone (1), and a new naphthoquinone, (2R)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-dehydroiso-α-lapachone (2), together with three known anthraquinones (3-5). Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional NMR, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS techniques. All the compounds were isolated from S.

Cytochemical Localization of Polysaccharides in and the Involvement of in the Synthesis of Mannan Polysaccharides.

is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its abundant polysaccharides found in stems. We determined the composition of water-soluble polysaccharides and starch content in . stems.

DoGMP1 from Dendrobium officinale contributes to mannose content of water-soluble polysaccharides and plays a role in salt stress response.

GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) catalyzed the formation of GDP-mannose, which serves as a donor for the biosynthesis of mannose-containing polysaccharides. In this study, three GMP genes from Dendrobium officinale (i.e.

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the phosphomannomutase (PMM) gene from Dendrobium officinale and evidence for the involvement of an abiotic stress response during germination.

Phosphomannomutase (PMM, EC 5.4.2.

Two New Pentacyclic Triterpene Saponins from the Leaves of Akebia trifoliata.

Two new pentacyclic triterpene saponins, named akebiaoside K (1) and akebiaoside N (2), were isolated from the leaves of Akebia trifoliata, together with five known triterpenoids 3-7. They were all isolated from the leaves of A. trifoliata for the first time.

[Chemical Constituents from Sphagneticola trilobata].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Sphagneticola trilobata.

Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques.

Results: Three lignans, two indolics and two phenolic glycosides were isolated from the whole plant of Sphagneticola trilobata and identified as syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), pinoresinol-4-sulfate(2), pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (4), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde(5), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7).

iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tear Fluid in a Rat Penetrating Keratoplasty Model With Acute Corneal Allograft Rejection.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying acute corneal allograft rejection by identifying differentially expressed tear proteins at defined stages and discovering potentially important proteins involved in the process.

Methods: The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS/MS) technique was used to identify tear proteins showing significant alterations in a rat penetrating keratoplasty model at different time points. Bioinformatics technology was applied to analyze the significant proteins, and a potential protein was verified by Western blotting.

[Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from stems of Akebia trifoliata].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Akebia trifoliata stems.

Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography, and their structures were determined through spectroscopic techniques and physicochemical properties.

Results: Six compounds were isolated from the stems of Akebia trifolita and identified as cryptochlorogenic acid methyl ester (1), neochlorogenic acid methyl ester (2), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (3), methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (4), methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (5) and methyl 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (6).